Microbiology and Immunology 3300B Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Allotransplantation, Antibody, Cell Membrane
20 May 2016
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Document Summary
Based on the work of peter medawar and others, it was believed that the bases of individuality lay deep within every cell in the body. In spite of the dogma, doctors started performing kidney transplants in the 1940s because the procedure initially had clinical benefit to the recipients. Kdney grafts never lasted more than three months as a consequence of immunological rejection. Twins genetic identity might result in immunological tolerance to the transplanted kidney. Transplant patient survived long turn after allograft between fraternal twins. Injection of blood cells from one individual into another caused an immune response to the injected cells, including generation of specific antibodies. Therefore, without knowing what they were, the antigens were called human leukocyte. Through decades of research, the majority of genes encoding human leukocyte antigens were mapped to a region on chromosome 6 in humans and chromosome 17 in mice. This was called the major histocompatibility complex: provides an explanation to why transplants fail.
