Pathology 2420A Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cytoskeleton, Hepatectomy, Lipofuscin
3 Mar 2016
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Document Summary
Module 2 cell injury, adaptation, and death. When enviro changes exceed the capacity of the cell to maintain homeostasis = cell injury. Rodulf virchow diseases arise in individual cells (not organs, tissues) still use this belief today. A number of agents can cause injury or present damaging stimuli to the cell, including: Physical (trauma, radiation, temp, pressue) Chemical (polltants, posions, toxins, drigs) Biological (microorgnisms eg. viral, bacterial infections, biological toxins) Nutritional or metabolic alterations (nutrient deficinecies or excesses, ischemia or lack of blood supplu; hypoxia or o2 deficiancy) Immune ractions (allergens, autoimmune disease) Genetic defects (single mutations ex. Hemoglobin mutation in sickle cell disease; chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 21 or down syndrome) Cellular aging (loss of intrinsic repair mechanisms; repeated healing & repair following external injuries) The moment when reversible injury becomes irreversible injury, or the "point of no return", cannot be well defined. Four cell components are particularly vulnerable.
