Pathology 2420A Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Complement System, Hypercalciuria, Atherosclerosis
18 Dec 2017
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Module 9: diseases of the kidney & urinary tract. Usually broken down into two types - low grade (papillary, superficial and slow growing) and high grade (deeply invasive, aggressive, metastases). D precursors to a more active form (affects calcium absorption / metabolism): release of a hormone, erythropoietin that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Each kidney normally is about 11 cm long and weighs ~150 g: the kidneys are bean-shaped (or rather, beans are kidney shaped! In men, the urethra is ~20 cm long; in women, the urethra is ~4 cm long. urinary tract infection and urinary incontinence in women. Imagine pushing your fist into the side of a partially inflated balloon. Your fist is the ball of capillaries and the balloon is the epithelial lining. The proximal tubule actively resorbs about 2/3 of the filtered water and sodium, as well as resorbing glucose, amino acids, and various other substances.
