Pharmacology 3620 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Concentration, Pharmacokinetics, Membrane Transport
1 May 2018
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Lecture 001: Introduction to Pharmacokinetics
● Membrane Permeability of Drugs
Objectives
● Describe how pharmacokinetics relates to overall drug effects.
● Describe the tissue barriers that influence drug disposition (absorption, distribution,
metabolism, elimination) in the body.
● Name the pathways for drug movement across a membrane.
● Define and understand the chemical characteristics of drugs that influence the rate of
passive membrane diffusion.
● Define biochemical features of facilitated membrane transport.
The goal of drug therapy is to prevent, cure or control various diseases.
Elements of the doctor’s prescription
Dose depends on:
● Size of person
● Strength of symptoms
Route of Administration
● Metabolism in liver
● Chronic drug intake
● Easier than needles
What are drugs?
● 4 basic types by chemical composition
● Small Molecules
○ Organic
○ 300-900 Da
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○ Majority of drug prescribed (although their usages is decreasing)
● Peptides
○ Small chains of A. A. (up to tens)
○ Small peptidic hormones
● Proteins
○ Large chains of A. A.
○ Enzymes
○ Hormones
○ Antibodies
■ Immunoglobulins that target specific things
● Oligonucleotide
○ Antisense therapeutics
○ Binds RNA to alter gene
expression in the cell
○ Only 1 available on the
market
Drug Names
● Generic Name is the one we
are using
Definitions
● Pharmacokinetics:
○ What the body does to the drug.
○ metabolism
● Pharmacodynamics:
○ What the drug does to the body.
○ Targets
Pharmacokinetics (PK)
● Quantitative description of a drug concentration in the body over time
● The pharmacokinetics of a drug, administered via a specific route, in parts the optimum
dose
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Relationship between PK and PD
Pharmocokinetics
● The relationship between the dosage regimen of the drug and the blood concentration of
the drug
Pharmacodynamics
● The relationship between concentration of the drug at the site of the action and the effect
However, blood concentration of the drug are not often monitored
● Use effects to judge and change dosage
Importance of Pharmacokinetics
● The therapeutic/toxic effects of the drug are related to the dose!
○ Concerned about the dose and the drug concentration at the site of action
■ And how it relates to drug effect
■ Drug concentration gives a better relationship be is hard to measure
● Effects of the drug is related to the concentration of the drug and the time that the drug
persists in the blood
○ The higher the dose/ concentration in blood/tissue, the greater the
therapeutic/toxic effect
○ If the drug remains in the body, the effects will remain
■ Thus the longer the drug is in the body the longer the effect
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Describe how pharmacokinetics relates to overall drug effects. Describe the tissue barriers that influence drug disposition (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination) in the body. Name the pathways for drug movement across a membrane. Define and understand the chemical characteristics of drugs that influence the rate of passive membrane diffusion. Define biochemical features of facilitated membrane transport. The goal of drug therapy is to prevent, cure or control various diseases. Majority of drug prescribed (although their usages is decreasing) Binds rna to alter gene expression in the cell. Generic name is the one we are using. What the body does to the drug. What the drug does to the body. Quantitative description of a drug concentration in the body over time. The pharmacokinetics of a drug, administered via a specific route, in parts the optimum dose. The relationship between the dosage regimen of the drug and the blood concentration of the drug.
