Physiology 4530A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Adipose Tissue, Endochondral Ossification, Acvr1

• School: Western University
• Department: Physiology
• Course: Physiology 4530A/B
• Professor: Frank Beier

Document Summary

Formation of cartilage and bone where they shouldn"t form. Underlying conditions (e. g. mutations for fop, poh; lifestyle for v. c. ) Specific outcomes: fatal in fop; impairment in v. c. Vascular calcification: amorphous vascular calcification: mineral accum without cellular changes, chondro-osseous vascular calcification: endochondral ossification of extraskeletal cartilage/bone due to change in phenotype in soft tissues (e. g. sm and epith cells) Clinical consequences: diastolic dysfunction, ht, ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure. Inflammatory: e. g. obesity is constant inflamm so can trigger cell changes. Initial sign is a bone abnormality in big toe. Fatal because heterotopic ossification interferes w lung func and muscles can"t support it. Due to acvr1 activating gof mutation in ic domain, fgf receptor for bmp; Normally, acvr1 threonine receptor binds to bmp, phosphorylates smads, which forms heterodimers and then translocates to nucleus. When trauma or inflamm happens, e. g. muscle turns into cartilage instead of new muscle: and then endochondral ossification. Lof mutation in gnas locus which encodes g-protein gs-alpha.