PSY B110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Ghrelin, Main Source, Adipose Tissue
Document Summary
Motivation: the biological, emotional, cognitive, or social forces that activate and direct behavior. Inspired by darwin"s theory of evolution by natural selection. Early 20 century (william james, william mcdougal) Instinct ideas was rejected in 1920"s by behavioristic theories emphasizing learning (classical and operant conditioning) Applying a label does not explain behavior. Later european ethologists continued to study instinctive animal behavior: Behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs. Drive triggered by the internal mechanisms of: Homeostasis: ideas that body monitors and maintains stable internal states. A reinforcer is anything that reduces drive (clark hull 1940"s) Good explanation for biological motivations, hunger, thirst, sex. Behavior motivated by the pull or attractiveness of external goals. Ex: reinforcement and expectation that particular behavior will lead to a particular goal. Both drive and incentive theories account for the pushes and pulls motivation of many behaviors. Very high and low levels of arousal can be unpleasant.
