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Describe four mechanisms by which Calcium entry into the post-synaptic cell leads to strengthening of the synapse.

What ions, and under what conditions, are permeable across the membrane when AMPA receptors are activated? When NMDA receptors are activated?

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Sixta Kovacek
Sixta KovacekLv2
25 Dec 2018

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Related questions

"Is there a cannabinoid autoreceptor? And if so what is thecannabinoid autoreceptor?"

(i.e. is the cannabinoid autoreceptor CB1,CB2 or is it one of the G protein coupled receptors,GPR18, GPR55 or GPR119?)

Where:

  • An autoreceptor is a receptor located presynaptically that sendsback negative feedback that inhibits the synthesis of theneurotransmitter to which the autoreceptor belongs and thisnegative feedback also inhibits the release of the neurotransmitterfrom storage vesicles into the synaptic cleft.

  • The CB1 and CB2 receptors are respectivelycalled the first and second cannabinoid receptors and are a pair ofG protein coupled receptors.

  • GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 are G protein coupled receptors that arealso activated by some lipid messengers including a few of theendocannabinoids and their related compounds.

From the following list, select all options that are correctwith respect to the synapse.

Question 5 options:

A)

the synapse is the site where the plasma membrane that coversthe axon terminal of one neuron makes direct contact with and fusesto the plasma membrane on the cell body or dendrite of anotherneuron
B)

the action potential travels through extracellular fluid in thesynapse to get from one neuron to the next
C)

presynaptic nerve terminals release chemical messengers into thesynapse in response to arrival of an action potential
D)

signaling molecules in the synapse can be broken down by enzymesthat are present on the post synaptic cell membrane
E)

signaling molecules in the synapse can bind to 're-uptake'receptors and be taken back into the presynaptic neuron forbreakdown or for repackaging/reuse
F)

signaling molecules can be taken into and degraded within thepostsynaptic cell
G)

signaling molecules in the synapse function as chemicalmessengers that regulate the opening of ligand-gated channels inthe plasma membranes of post synaptic cells

a) Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is INCORRECT?

A The preganglionic fibres in the parasympathetic division are usually long compared to the postganglionic fibres

B The sympathetic division mediates responses that allow the body to respond to ‘flight and fright’ situations

C The ganglia of the sympathetic division are usually close to the spinal cord

b) Glutamate is an example of an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts via direct synaptic transmission when it is released from presynaptic neurons in the brain

Based on the background information, which of the following is a CORRECT statement regarding events at the synaptic cleft after glutamate is released?

A Glutamate acts by stimulation of receptors on the presynaptic neuron

B The postsynaptic glutamate receptors are in the family of tyrosine-kinase linked receptors

C On the postsynaptic membrane, glutamate activates ligand-gated sodium channels, which are an example of ion-channel linked receptors

D The events at this synapse are an example of electrical transmission

E The pathway of receptor activation includes activation of a signal transduction pathway and production of second messengers

D The adrenal medulla is a sympathetic ganglion

E The parasympathetic nerves arise from the brain stem and the sacral region of the spinal cord

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