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28 Sep 2019

1. Haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells contain the following alleles at the MAT locus.

a. Allele a

b. Allele alpha

c. Allele a or alpha

d. Alleles a and alpha

2. The following statements are true for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, except .

a. Yeast mating type a produces a-factor.

b. Yeast mating type alpha produces alpha-factor.

c. a-factor or alpha-factor signals the presence of a yeast cell to the neighboring cells.

d. Yeast mating type a-cell responds to a-factor, alpha-cell responds to alpha-factor.

3. A yeast strain can sexually conjugate with another yeast strain of the same mating type.

a. True

b. False

4.Heterothallic Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains commonly used in controlled experiments are haploid, with either mating type a or alpha.

a. True

b. False

5. Complementation test is used to ______________.

a. determine the mating type of yeast.

b. determine whether mutations occur at the same gene or different genes.

c. identify mutant organisms.

d. determine functional relationships between genes.

6. Yeast cells with mating type alpha can sexually conjugate with yeast _.

a. mating type a

b. mating type alpha

c. allele a or alpha

d. alleles a and alpha

7. Complementation test is conducted by _ two strains of organisms with different mutations.

a. isolating

b. morphologically identifying

c. growing

d. intercrossing

8. Assuming alleles B or b are found in locus 1; alleles C or c are found in locus 2. Which of the yeast strains below contains recessive mutations at loci 1 and 2?

a. Yeast strain with alleles B and C

b. Yeast strain with alleles B and b

c. Yeast strain with alleles C and c

d. Yeast strain with alleles b and c

9. When mutations occur at different genes, two strains of yeast are considered to be not complement.

a. True

b. False

10. Yeast cells that are ready to mate will produce a mating projecting called _ to form a pear-shape cell.

a. pilus

b. yeast ring

c. shmoo

d. spore

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1.A mycologist visits your biology class and discusses herresearch on a particular fungus that lives on the bark of damagedspruce trees. She explains that the fungal hyphae of her researchorganism is heterokaryotic. You raise your hand and request thatshe define that word. Her correct response is

heterokaryotic means that thenuclei of the fungal hyphae are genetically the same.

heterokaryotic means that eachcompartment of the hyphae contain two distinct nuclei.

heterokaryotic means that thenuclei of each compartment of the hyphae are geneticallydistinct.

heterokaryotic means that each compartment of the hyphaecontains only one nucleus.

2. Select the true statements concerning reproduction ofbasidiomycetes. (Check all that apply.)

The adult forms of a typicalbasidiomycete consists of a mass of dikaryotic primarymycelia.

The secondary mycelia fuse to formprimary mycelia. The primary mycelia form the fruiting body.

The gills of an Amanitamushroom contains basidiospores.

Karyogamy produces a diploid zygotethat undergoes meiosis.

Meiosis produces basidiospores, and the fusion of spores fromdifferent mating strains produces the primary mycelium.

3. In the life cycle of a zygomycete, after the zygospore isformed, the next event will be

karyogamy.

4. Why does champagne have bubbles?

CO₂ is used to makeglucose during respiration.

Yeast fermentation continues afterthe champagne is bottled.

Dead yeast cells releaseCO₂ into the bottles.

Yeast produce O₂ during aerobic respiration.

5. Many antibacterial antibiotics interfere with proteinsynthesis. Why would these not be a good target for antifungaldrugs?

Fungi can rapidly metabolizedrugs.

Fungi produce few proteins.

Chitin cell walls prevent uptake ofdrugs.

Human and fungal ribosomes areextremely similar to each other.

Fungi absorb proteins during decomposition of organicmatter.

6. Which molecule would be an indicator of fungal contaminationin a drug preparation?

Deoxyribose

7. Why can lichens live on bare rock?

UV radiation powers enzymes thatallow the fungus to extract organic material from itssurroundings.

The fungi are autotrophic.

The photosynthetic endosymbiontprovides the fungus with nutrition.

They absorb heat from the sun.

They secrete acids to liberate minerals from the bare rock.

8. What type of symbiotic relationship is exemplified bymycorrhizal fungi?

Parasitism

Commensalism

Atavism

Mutualism

9. In what way are bacteria and fungi similar?

Cell wall components

Ribosome structure

Design of the nucleus

Ecological function

10. he fungal group that is most closely related to ancestralfungi are the

Zygomycota.

Basidomycota.

Ascomycota.

Chytridomycota.

11.Select the INCORRECT statement(s) concerning reproduction ofthe mold Rhizopus.

Fungal hyphae are multinucleate andhaploid.

Meiosis comes immediately beforefertilization.

The germinating zygosporangiumcontains diploid nuclei.

Rhizopus exclusivelyreproduces asexually.

Zygospores are only produced after meiosis.

12. Primary mycelia contain twice as much DNA as secondarymycelia.

True

False

13.After severe floods homeowners often return home to find thewall of their homes covered in mold. How does mold survive on wetwallboard?

It eats the gypsum that makes upthe wallboard.

Spores from within the wallboardgerminate and start growing.

It uses the wallboard as asubstrate but extracts nutrients from the air.

It digests the cellulose in the paper backing.

14. Why is the term "fungal cell mitosis" not technicallyaccurate?

The septa between nuclei form priorto mitosis.

All of the mycelium undergoesmitosis at the same time.

All stages of mitosis occur withinthe nucleus.

The mitotic spindle spans across the perforations of thesepta.

15. Select the true statements regarding the lifecycles ofbasidiomycetes and ascomycetes. (Check all that apply.)

Basidiocarps and ascocarps arefunctionally equivalent.

Dikaryotic mycelia are the same asdiploid mycelia.

Ascogenic hyphae are functionallyequivalent to secondary mycelia.

Both basidiospores and ascospores are stored externally.

16. A division of fungi that lacks septa in their hyphae exceptwhen they form sporangia or gametangia is the

	ascomycetes.
	zygomycetes.
	chytridomycetes
	basidiomycetes. PLEASE HELP

ceruleanzebra964

If an organismâs diploid chromosome number is 18, how many different possible combinations of homologous chromosomes lining up during meiosis exist for the eggs or sperm produced by that organism?

	A.	512
	B.	9
	C.	18
	D.	128
	E.	36

At the end of metaphase I, _______________ separate.

	A.	sister chromatids
	B.	germ cells
	C.	homologous chromosomes
	D.	haploid chromatids
	E.	centrioles

Mendel observed that dominant traits

	A.	are seen in all of the F1 hybrid pea plants in his experiments.
	B.	are expressed in all plants.
	C.	were absent in the F1 generation of pea plants that he used in his experiments.
	D.	were the only traits seen in the F2 generation of pea plants in his experiments.
	E.	are only expressed in hybrids.

Cytokinesis in plant cells differs from cytokinesis in animal cells because

	A.	there is no difference.
	B.	in plant cells, the cell plate must also divide into two parts.
	C.	the contractile protein, actin, is important only in plant cells.
	D.	plant cells have a rigid cell wall.
	E.	a contractile ring forms only in plant cells.

Sickle cell anemia is an example of what type of inheritance?

	A.	complete dominance
	B.	incomplete dominance
	C.	codominance
	D.	multiple alleles
	E.	recessive dominance

Which of the following statements is true:

	A.	The dominant allele is masked in homozygous dominant individuals.
	B.	With recessive genetic disorders, if both parents are carriers, the offspring will all be affected.
	C.	In carriers, the recessive allele causes an intermediate phenotype.
	D.	In recessive genetic disorders, the mother and/or father of an affected individual must also be affected.
	E.	With dominant genetic disorders, the mother and/or father of an affected individual must also be affected.

Skin cancers typically develop in the

	A.	upper layers of the epidermis.
	B.	lower layers of the dermis.
	C.	subcutaneous layer.
	D.	lower layers of the epidermis.
	E.	upper layers of the dermis.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (MD) is inherited from an X-linked recessive allele. What is the probability that a son with Duchenne MD inherited this disease from his biological father?

	A.	1/2
	B.	0
	C.	1/16
	D.	1/4
	E.	1/8

The genetic makeup of a particular trait in an individual is its

	A.	genotype.
	B.	heterozygosity.
	C.	phenotype.
	D.	filial.
	E.	dominance.

What structure holds the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers?

	A.	chromatin
	B.	kinetochore
	C.	MPF
	D.	centromere
	E.	cyclin

If you view a cell in which the genetic material is beginning to be visible as separate bodies, and the nucleus has disappeared from view, you may surmise that the cells is in

	A.	telophase.
	B.	anaphase.
	C.	interphase.
	D.	metaphase.
	E.	prophase.

Gregor Mendel was successful in his analysis of the genetics of pea plants because

	A.	he examined and analyzed both the F1 and F2 generations.
	B.	he studied the parental plants to determine their differences.
	C.	he decided to only look at his results in an objective manner.
	D.	he studied a trait that had a strange inheritance pattern.
	E.	pea plants have genetics different from other organisms.

Tall corn plants (T) are dominant to dwarf plants (tt). Solid green leaves (G) are dominant to leaves with a white tip (gg). A cross between two corn plants yielded the following phenotypes: 51 tall plants with a white tip on their leaves; 43 dwarf plants with solid leaves; 48 dwarf plants with white tips on their leaves; 45 tall plants with solid leaves. What are the genotypes of the parents that produced these plants?

	A.	None of the above
	B.	TtGg x Ttgg
	C.	ttGG x TTgg
	D.	TtGg x TtGg
	E.	TtGg x ttgg

In humans, a gene that has been identified as causing a type of skin cancer is the

	A.	superwoman echidna.
	B.	mutant superman.
	C.	sonic hedgehog.
	D.	mutant mole rat.
	E.	superhero aardvark.

The segregation principle states that in sexually reproducing diploid organisms the two copies of each gene

	A.	segregate from each other during meiosis.
	B.	must always be the same allele.
	C.	separate from each other during mitosis.
	D.	will both wind up in either the sperm or egg.
	E.	move together as a unit during meiosis.

In what phases is the genetic material in the cell correctly referred to as chromatids?

	A.	metaphase and telophase
	B.	anaphase and metaphase
	C.	interphase and telophase
	D.	interphase and prophase
	E.	metaphase and prophase

Consider two traits for an organism, determined by two genes, each of which is governed by at least two alleles. In the case of a dihybrid individual, the gametes formed will be of either the parental type or the recombinant type. Recombinant type gametes are formed because of

	A.	the principle of dihybrids.
	B.	multiple alleles.
	C.	heterozygosity.
	D.	incomplete dominance.
	E.	independent assortment.

An allele is

	A.	an alternate form of a gene.
	B.	always recessive.
	C.	the main factor determining a trait.
	D.	always one of a pair.
	E.	the dominant form of a gene.

After the DNA is replicated, and it condenses in prophase, two identical rods of DNA are seen. These are

	A.	spindle fibers.
	B.	kinetochores.
	C.	chromatids.
	D.	chromatin.
	E.	centromeres.

Special cells found in the gonads that give rise to gametes upon division are called

	A.	egg cells.
	B.	somatic cells.
	C.	germ cells.
	D.	stem cells.
	E.	basal cells.

If an organismâs diploid chromosome number is 18, how many different possible combinations of homologous chromosomes lining up during meiosis exist for the eggs or sperm produced by that organism?

	A.	512
	B.	9
	C.	18
	D.	128
	E.	36

At the end of metaphase I, _______________ separate.

	A.	sister chromatids
	B.	germ cells
	C.	homologous chromosomes
	D.	haploid chromatids
	E.	centrioles

Mendel observed that dominant traits

	A.	are seen in all of the F1 hybrid pea plants in his experiments.
	B.	are expressed in all plants.
	C.	were absent in the F1 generation of pea plants that he used in his experiments.
	D.	were the only traits seen in the F2 generation of pea plants in his experiments.
	E.	are only expressed in hybrids.

Cytokinesis in plant cells differs from cytokinesis in animal cells because

	A.	there is no difference.
	B.	in plant cells, the cell plate must also divide into two parts.
	C.	the contractile protein, actin, is important only in plant cells.
	D.	plant cells have a rigid cell wall.
	E.	a contractile ring forms only in plant cells.

Sickle cell anemia is an example of what type of inheritance?

	A.	complete dominance
	B.	incomplete dominance
	C.	codominance
	D.	multiple alleles
	E.	recessive dominance

Which of the following statements is true:

	A.	The dominant allele is masked in homozygous dominant individuals.
	B.	With recessive genetic disorders, if both parents are carriers, the offspring will all be affected.
	C.	In carriers, the recessive allele causes an intermediate phenotype.
	D.	In recessive genetic disorders, the mother and/or father of an affected individual must also be affected.
	E.	With dominant genetic disorders, the mother and/or father of an affected individual must also be affected.

Skin cancers typically develop in the

	A.	upper layers of the epidermis.
	B.	lower layers of the dermis.
	C.	subcutaneous layer.
	D.	lower layers of the epidermis.
	E.	upper layers of the dermis.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (MD) is inherited from an X-linked recessive allele. What is the probability that a son with Duchenne MD inherited this disease from his biological father?

	A.	1/2
	B.	0
	C.	1/16
	D.	1/4
	E.	1/8

The genetic makeup of a particular trait in an individual is its

	A.	genotype.
	B.	heterozygosity.
	C.	phenotype.
	D.	filial.
	E.	dominance.

What structure holds the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers?

	A.	chromatin
	B.	kinetochore
	C.	MPF
	D.	centromere
	E.	cyclin

If you view a cell in which the genetic material is beginning to be visible as separate bodies, and the nucleus has disappeared from view, you may surmise that the cells is in

	A.	telophase.
	B.	anaphase.
	C.	interphase.
	D.	metaphase.
	E.	prophase.

Gregor Mendel was successful in his analysis of the genetics of pea plants because

	A.	he examined and analyzed both the F1 and F2 generations.
	B.	he studied the parental plants to determine their differences.
	C.	he decided to only look at his results in an objective manner.
	D.	he studied a trait that had a strange inheritance pattern.
	E.	pea plants have genetics different from other organisms.

	A.	None of the above
	B.	TtGg x Ttgg
	C.	ttGG x TTgg
	D.	TtGg x TtGg
	E.	TtGg x ttgg

In humans, a gene that has been identified as causing a type of skin cancer is the

	A.	superwoman echidna.
	B.	mutant superman.
	C.	sonic hedgehog.
	D.	mutant mole rat.
	E.	superhero aardvark.

The segregation principle states that in sexually reproducing diploid organisms the two copies of each gene

	A.	segregate from each other during meiosis.
	B.	must always be the same allele.
	C.	separate from each other during mitosis.
	D.	will both wind up in either the sperm or egg.
	E.	move together as a unit during meiosis.

In what phases is the genetic material in the cell correctly referred to as chromatids?

	A.	metaphase and telophase
	B.	anaphase and metaphase
	C.	interphase and telophase
	D.	interphase and prophase
	E.	metaphase and prophase

	A.	the principle of dihybrids.
	B.	multiple alleles.
	C.	heterozygosity.
	D.	incomplete dominance.
	E.	independent assortment.

An allele is

	A.	an alternate form of a gene.
	B.	always recessive.
	C.	the main factor determining a trait.
	D.	always one of a pair.
	E.	the dominant form of a gene.

After the DNA is replicated, and it condenses in prophase, two identical rods of DNA are seen. These are

	A.	spindle fibers.
	B.	kinetochores.
	C.	chromatids.
	D.	chromatin.
	E.	centromeres.

Special cells found in the gonads that give rise to gametes upon division are called

	A.	egg cells.
	B.	somatic cells.
	C.	germ cells.
	D.	stem cells.
	E.	basal cells.

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