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Vaccinations require that humans have which type of immune system?

innate immune system

adaptive immune system

all of the above

10 points

QUESTION 2

Which of the following are examples of antigens?

one of a group of proteins found in the blood that leads to the clumping of foreign blood cells

proteins embedded in the membranes of T cells

foreign molecules that trigger antibody production

proteins that trigger the end of the inflammatory response

10 points

QUESTION 3

Vaccines prevent disease by_______________

stimulating the production of antibodies

allowing more leukocytes to attack a pathogen

weakening or killing a virus

providing primary pathogen defence

10 points

QUESTION 4

Mast cells __________

Attack pathogens using phagocytosis

Constrict blood flow around an open wound

direct leukocyte activity

Build the sails on a ship

10 points

QUESTION 5

Which of the following is true about allergies?

Allergens are typically safe substances that are damaging to certain individuals who lack the appropriate antibodies

You can't get allergies if you are exposed to common allergens at a young age

Antibodies are not produced in response to pollen in someone with seasonal allergies

Immune responses occur in response to a non-damaging substance in the body because the body thinks the substance is a pathogen

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Jarrod RobelLv2
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

QuestionGroup: #51 Innate immune 1

Assigned as

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51

What is the name of a chemical substance responsible for stimulating an immune response?

A

Pathogen

B

Rotomers

C

Antigen

D

Antibody

E

Troll receptor

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QuestionGroup: #52 Innate immune2

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52

What is the purpose of secondary metabolites produced by normal flora in your body?

A

To aid T cells in fighting local infection

B

To kill infected B cells

C

To help balance electrolytes

D

To inhibit adhesion, and growth of the certain microbes

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QuestionGroup: #53 Innate immune3

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53

The lysozyme removes most bacteria in our foods through the saliva in our mouth, how does it do this?

A

The lysozyme attacks the bacteria through the blood.

B

The lysozyme are not strong enough to get rid of bacteria.

C

The lysozyme breaks down the polysaccharide walls of different bacteria.

D

The lysozyme will tell your body to get rid of the bacteria by vomiting.

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QuestionGroup: #54 Adapt immune 1

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54

In adaptive immunology, the key component is which of the following?

A

Antigen trigger the the production of vaccines.

B

Antibodies will trigger responses in the antigen which will cause an inflamation.

C

Antigens trigger responses of the antibodies which will recognize the antigen.

D

Antibodies will be able to recognize other antibodies and destroy them.

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QuestionGroup: #55 Adapt immune2

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55

An autoimmune induced disorder is...?

A

When the body's immune system attacks a tissue or organ in the body

B

When the immune system is not present

C

When the body attacks the antigens and antibodies of the immune system

D

When the autonomic nervous system attacks the antigen and antibodies of the immune system

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QuestionGroup: #56 Adapt immune3

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56

Antibodies are also called immunoglobulins and constitute part of the blood proteins. How do antibodies work?

A

Agglutination-- they just clump with each other (blocking antigen)

B

Precipitation-- force insolubility and settled out of solution along with antigens

C

Complement fixation-- proteins attach to antigen surface (causing cell lysis)

D

Neutralization-- bind to specific sites to prevent antigen attachment

E

All of the above

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QuestionGroup: #57 Infectious disease

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57

The most deadly STD is HIV, but many other viruses can be deadly. Name the most common sexually transmitted infection.

A

Genital human parisis virus (GHPV)

B

Herpes Simplex

C

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

D

Human pappathe virus tentis (HPVT)

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QuestionGroup: #58 Infectious disease2

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58

Microbes have developed an array of weapons to be able to go from host to host. These virulent factors are divided into several groups, but one important group is the one produced by bacteria. Name the subgroups within this bacterial group.

A

Retretoxin and maitotoxin

B

Retretoxin and butotoxin

C

Endotoxins and exotoxins

D

Lipotoxin and exotoxin

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QuestionGroup: #59 Infectious disease3

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59

Sexually transmitted diseases are very successful at spreading from one person to another. Name one important reason for this fact.

A

Mucous membranes use B cells only and are resistant to antigens

B

Mucous membranes in the sex organs differ from those of the skin in that they allow certain pathogens into the body

C

STDs are transmitted through sex only

D

STDs are usually caused by viruses

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QuestionGroup: #60 HIV/ AIDS

Assigned as

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60

HIV has which of the following characteristics?

A

It has an enzyme called reverse transcriptase which causes the DNA to reverse the nucleotide sequence in messenger RNA.

B

It is a retrovirus meaning that it reverses the order of protein production in that the virus affects the DNA in the cell to make the protein.

C

It is an anti-retrovirus meaning that it attacks the DNA causing the development of new HIV particles.

D

It has a short incubation period which means that the symptoms show up also immediately after infection.

Host Defenses Activity

Our ability to fight off infection is three fold. Below is a list of terms that deal with our defenses. Match the definition with the terms on this sheet and then fill in the attached diagram with the terms below.

Host Defenses

1st Line of defense ___G_
2nd line of defense ____
3rd line of defense ____
Innate, nonspecific immunity____
Acquired, specific immunity____
T lymphocytes____
Complement____
Physical barriers____
Phagocytosis____
Chemical barriers____
Inflammatory response____
Fever____
B lymphocytes _____

Matching Definitions

A. immunity present at birth, provide nonspecific resistance to infection
B. Adaptive immunities: Immunity that develops after the interaction of antigens with the immune system
C. Many different types, involved in cell-to-cell contact or CMI
D. barrier that blocks invasion at the portal of entry
E. Protective cells and fluids; inflammation and phagocytosis
F .Acquired with exposure to foreign substance; produces protective antibodies and creates memory cells
G. Skin and mucus membranes
H. Bile, stomach acid, skin pH, lysozyme
I. Surveys tissue and discover microbes and dead or injured cells and removes them
J. 26 blood proteins that work to destroy bacteria and viruses
K. Rubor, tumor, calor, dolor
L. Initiated by circulating pyrogens which reset the hypothalamus to inhibit the growth of microbes
M. Responsible for AMI and production of antibodies

Which best describes the term "immunological disorder"?
a. An exaggerated or inadequate immune response.
b. A disorder that destroys the immune system.
c. Any genetic disease.
d. A complete lack of immune function.
e. Immune problems that cause disease but cannot be detected.

2. How would an immune deficient person react to the introduction of an antigen to their bodies, assuming the cause of the deficiency was genetic?
a. Inadequate immune response due to primary immunodeficiency.
b. Inadequate immune response due to secondary immunodeficiency.
c. Excessive immune response due to primary immunodeficiency.
d. Excessive immune response due to secondary immunodeficiency.

3. An ordinarily innocuous substance that can trigger a harmful immunological response in a sensitized person.
a. Autoimmune substance
b. Antibody
c. Allergen
d. Transfusion
e. Wheal

4. Which is the best example of an Immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity?
a. Clumping of red blood cells
b. Generalized inflammation
c. DiGeorge Syndrome
d. Airway restriction
e. Arthus reaction

5. Which of these is the first action that takes place during an Immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity reaction?
a. Production of plasma cells
b. IgE attachment to mast cells and basophils
c. Activation of B cells
d. Production of IgE antibodies
e. Degranulation

6. A patient has signs of allergy following a blood transfusion. Which of these hypersensitivities is being displayed?
a. Immediate (Type I)
b. Cytotoxic (Type II)
c. Immune complex (Type III)
d. Cell-mediated (Type IV)
e. Localized

7. Which of these mechanisms is NOT involved in the mechanism of Type II hypersensitivities?
a. Opsonization of cellular antigens
b. Mediation by IgG and IgM
c. Destruction of invading cells
d. Complement
e. Prostaglandin and histamine release

8. How is hemolytic disease of the unborn prevented?
a. Treatment of the infant with steroids.
b. Antihistamine administration to both mother and infant.
c. Administration of serum tests to the infant and careful monitoring.
d. Injection of the mother with anti-Rh IgG antibodies.
e. All of these choices.

9. Immune complex (Type III) hypersensitivity results from the formation of:
a. soluble/particulate antigen-complement complexes.
b. cellular antigen-antigen complexes.
c. soluble/particulate antibody-antibody complexes.
d. cellular antibody-antibody complexes.
e. soluble/particulate antigen-antibody complexes.

10. A local immune response to an antigenic substance (usually injected) that causes edema and hemorrhage is known as _____.
a. serum sickness
b. Arthus reaction
c. hemolytic disease of the newborn
d. hemolytic uremic syndrome
e. generalized anaphylaxis

11. One form of Cell-Mediated (Type IV) hypersensitivity that involves phagocytes capturing but failing to kill pathogens, so a mass of cells forms around the pathogens, is:
a. Atopy
b. Tuberculin hypersensitivity
c. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
d. Granulomatous hypersensitivity
e. Serum sickness

12. Cell-mediated hypersensitivity is often referred to as a "delayed" hypersensitivity because reactions may take _____ to develop.
a. less than one hour
b. 1-2 hours
c. at least 12 hours
d. 1-2 weeks
e. a month or more

13. Which of these takes place during a Cell-Mediated (Type IV) hypersensitivity reaction?
a. Release of cytokines.
b. IgE attachment to mast cells and basophils.
c. Release of histamine and heparin.
d. Activation of complement.
e. Activation of B cells.

14. This type of disorder arises from a hypersensitivity to self antigenson cells and in tissues.
a. Immunodeficiency
b. Autoimmune
c. Anaphylactic
d. Granulomatous
e. Desensitization

15. This occurs when the immune system responds to a body component as if it were foreign.
a. Immunodeficiency
b. Transplantation
c. Antigenic mimicry
d. Autoimmunization
e. Allergic reaction

16. Which of the following would be considered an organ-specific autoimmune disorder?
a. Osteoarthritis
b. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
c. Hemolytic disease of the newborn
d. Rheumatic fever
e. DiGeorge Syndrome

17. Under which circumstances is an organ transplant most likely to succeed?
a. If recipient T cells become sensitized to the graft.
b. If patient complement binds to graft cells.
c. If immunosupression therapy is avoided.
d. If the graft has the same histocompatibility antigens as the recipient.
e. If plasma cells proliferate in response to the graft.?

18. Which of the following would be typical of a Type IV sensitivity to a drug?
a. A nurse develops contact dermatitis from frequent contact with Betadine.
b. A patient has a generalized anaphylaxis to intravenous Rocephin.
c. IgG and IgM are produced in a patient due to administration of sulfonamides.
d. Serum sickness develops after a patient has multiple exposures to penicillin.

19. A 40 year old patient examined in an emergency department presents with fatigue, wasting, and diarrhea. Tests show a very low helper T cell level, and an endoscopy shows loss of PeyerҀ™s patches in the colon. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Chronic Epstein-Barre infection
b. DiGeorge Syndrome
c. Agammaglobinemia
d. HIV/AIDS
e. Guillian-Barre Syndrome

20. This test, often coupled with a Western blot, utilizes enzymes that produce a colored compound if the antigen or antibody of interest is present.
a. Complement fixation test
b. Immunoelectrophoresis
c. Precipitin test
d. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
e. Immunofluorescence

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