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14. An enhancer would be used for which of the following purposes
[A] Constructing a gene library
[B] Constructing an expression vector

[C] Doing a restriction digestion
[D] Attempting to "silence" a gene
[E] Constructing a recombinant plasmid

16. For gene therapy to be most effective, genes should be inserted in _______ cells
[A] white blood
[B] red blood

[C] stem
[D] All of the above

Which of the following is not a step in therapeutic cloning
[A] Eggs are taken from the recipient.
[B] A cell is removed from the recipient.

[C] The egg is stimulated to divide.
[D] Embryonic stem cells form.
[E] Stem cells differentiate into the desired cell types.

28. If a researcher were trying to entice a cell to become a neuron, the best candidate cell to start with would be a(an)
[A] pluripotent cell.
[B] adult stem cell.
[C] totipotent cell.
[D] cell from the bone marrow.

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Casey DurganLv2
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Related questions

QUESTION 1

How is a bone marrow transplant able to treat someone with leukemia?

The donor blood contains antibodies that destroy cancer cells

Donor blood contains stem cells that regenerate cells in the immune system

Bone marrow contains induced pluripotent stem cells that turn into red blood cells

Bone marrow contains tumor supressor genes that slow down leukemia growth

Bone marrow contains pluripotent human embryonic stem cells

1.2 points

QUESTION 2

What would happen if siRNAs designed to target mRNA from an oncogene were introduced into cancer cells?

Increased genomic instability would result from adding foreign nucleic acids

New mutations would arise in the oncogene

The oncogene would be converted back into a proto-oncogene

The siRNAs would compete with the oncogene's active site

Production of the oncogene protein would decrease

1.2 points

QUESTION 3

What is the purpose of chromatin-remodeling enzymes in human cells?

The enzymes control the rate of translation of an mRNA transcript

The enzymes add phosphate or methyl groups to histone tails

The enzymes slide nucleosomes farther apart or closer to each other

The enzymes send damaged proteins to the proteasome for degradation

The enzymes cause DNA looping to occur

1.2 points

QUESTION 4

If you wanted to resurrect the mammoth, how would you do it?

Use somatic cell nuclear transfer to insert the mammoth genome into the egg of an elephant

Use transcription factors to re-program adult cells from elephants into mammoth cells

Change the gene expression patterns of elephants to increase production of mammoth genes

Use siRNAs to decrease expression of elephant-specific genes in an elephant embryo

1.2 points

QUESTION 5

How is eukaryotic transcription initiated?

RNA polymerase is recruited to the start codon by transcription factors

RNA polymerase begins transcription at the enhancer sequence

RNA polymerase is activated by binding to GTP

An initiator tRNA binds to the ribosome

A complex of proteins forms at the promoter of a gene

Which of the following statements about pronuclear injection is accurate?

a. DNA is inserted into any specific cell type whose fate has already been determined, such as skin cells.

b. DNA is inserted into a single celled mouse zygote so that the insertion can be passed to most/all cells of the resulting mouse embryo.

c. DNA that is inserted can integrate randomly anywhere in the genome of the mouse.

d. DNA that is inserted integrates at a specific site in the genome via homologous recombination.

e. DNA that is inserted includes an antibiotic resistance marker to be able to select for the embryonic stem cells (growing in dishes) that have incorporated the new DNA.

f. both A and C

g. both B and C

To generate a gene knockout in mice, which of the following is required?

a. a method for screening to verify insertion into the target gene in the mouse chromosome.

b. regions of homology between the researcher-engineered gene and the target gene in the mouse chromosome.

c. mouse Embryonic stem (ES) cells, to increase the chance that many cells in the host mouse including germline cells (which will form sperm and eggs) will carry the change.

d. all of the above

You follow the scheme outlined in to generate a knockout of the mouse gene Myo6, which is involved in motor coordination and movement. You derive ES cells from WT (Agouti-coated) mice, and disrupt one copy of the Myo6 gene in these ES cells. You then you transplant the ES cells into a blastocyst from a black mouse to generate a chimera. As shown in the last step in the figure, you then cross the chimera to a homozygous black mouse.

Some chimeric animals do not produce offspring carrying the gene replacement, while other chimeric animals with the same gene replacement can easily produce offspring carrying the gene replacement. Why?

a. chimeric animals are unable to produce offspring.

b. the gene replacement prevents correct gamete formation.

c. some chimeras have a germline entirely composed of cells from the blastocyst rather than the modified cells whereas others have a germline entirely composed of modified cells rather than cells from the blastocyst.

When you cross the chimera with the black mouse, amongst 20 F1 progeny obtained, you see some Agouti mice and some Black mice. Which of the following statements about the F1 progeny is true?

a. all the F1 that are Agouti will be homozygous for the myo6 knockout allele.

b. all the F1 that are Agouti will be heterozygous for the myo6 knockout allele.

c. 1/2 of the F1 that are Agouti will be heterozygous for myo6 knockout allele.

d. all the F1 that are Black will be homozygous for the myo6 knockout allele.

1. Diseases are those abnormal conditionsin which the bodys defensive cells fail to make the self versus thenonself distinction correctly, and attack the body's owntissues.
A. Cancerous
B. Septic
C. Autoimmune
D. Nondiscrete

2. Which of the following determinesgenetic sex (male or female) in mammals?
A. the acrosome of the sperm
B. the temperature of the developing fetus
C. the SRY gene on the Y chromosome
D. the genetic makeup of the parents
E. the Y chromosome contained in the egg

3. Which of the following regardingantigens is true?
A. Antigens can only be recognized by their specificity.
B. An antigen is a molecule which promotes a general immuneresponse.
C. A large antigen is likely to have many different epitopes, eachof which can stimulate a distinct immune response.
D. The most effective antigen are small simple amino acidcomplexes.
E. Bacteria do not contain antigens.

4. All of the following are defensemechanism employed by vertebrates except

A. negative test, as in, not findingself-markers.

B. change in chromosomal composition

C. positive test to recognize presence ofnonself-markers

D. specific antibodies.

E. skin and mucous membranes asbarriers.

5. The immune system depends on thefunction of ______, which include several types of phagocytic cellsand two kinds of lymphocytes.

A. platelets

B. leukocytes

C. target cells

D. erythrocytes

6. In comparing the kidneys of marine andfreshwater fish, which of the following is not true?

A. Freshwater fish fluids have a greaterosmotic concentration.

B. Marine fish excrete many of the divalentcations through the anus.

C. The flow of the filtrate is faster inmarine fish.

D. The urine is less concentrated infreshwater fish.

E. Marine fish drink greater quantities ofwater.

7. The kidneys of which one of thefollowing are so highly efficient that it never has to drink waterand can obtain all of its water from its food?

A. desert lizard

B. camel

C. pocket moue Perognathus

D. kangaroo rat

E. gerbil

8. Select the incorrect statement regardingthe temperature of the immune system.

A. Interleukin-1 is a pyrogen, which cancause the neurons in the hypothalamus to raise the body'stemperature, producing a fever.

B. Fevers cause the liver and spleen tostore sodium and potassium which bacteria need for their growth andmetabolism.

C. Fevers above 105 ° F can be fatal.

D. Fever contributes to the body's defensesby stimulating phagocytosis.

E. When macrophages encounter invadingcells, they release interleukin-1, which is carried to the brain bythe circulatory system.

9. Which of the following is not amechanism to prevent polyspermy?

A. change in membrane otential of egg

B. vitelline envelopes lift off surface ofegg

C. sperm nuclei degraded inside eggallowing one to fuse

D. cortical granule enzymes remove spermreceptors from egg

E. altering composition of exterior eggcoat

10. Which of the following cells have anincorrect function?

A. neutrophil---important antigenpresenting cell

B. eosinophil---important to theelimination of parasites

C. mast cell---releases histamine

D. macrophage---phagocytic cell

E. monocyte---precursor of macrophage

11. Which part of the antibody moleculedetermines its role in the immune response?

A. disulfide chains

B. the entire molecule

C. the stem of the Y

D. the heavy chains

E. two arms of the Y

12. Select the incorrectly matchedimmunoglobin (Ig)subclass and a fact about it.

A. IgG---found in the plasma and secretedin secondary response

B. IgM---first secreted during primaryresponse

C. IgE----promotes the release ofhistamine

D. IgA----found in saliva and mother’smilk

E. IgD----serve as receptors on thesurfaces of T cells

13. _______ are the source ofantibody-producing cells.

A. B cells

B. Plasma cells

C. Monocytes

D. Macrophages

E. T cells

14. Select the incorrect statementregarding the inflammatory response.

A. The alarm signals can be histamines orprostaglandins.

B. The inflammation response is a localizedspecific response to infection or injury.

C. Neutrophils spill chemical in the areaof injury or infection that kills bacteria, tissues, andthemselves.

D. Tissue can exhibit edema from thedilation of the blood vessels in the area of injury orinfection.

E. If a cell is injured or infected, itreleases chemical alarm signals that promote dilation of bloodvessels at the injury site.

15. Reproduction in reptiles compares toreproduction in birds in that

A. both newly hatched birds and reptilesrequire parental care.

B. the eggs of both birds and reptiles haveprotective shells.

C. birds are oviparous, reptiles areovoviviparous.

D. both exhibit external fertilization.

E. male or female reptiles reproduceasexually; birds do not.

16. ______diseases are those abnormalconditions in which the body’s defensive cells fail to make theself versus the nonself distinction correctly, and attack thebody’s own tissues.

A. Cancerous

B. Septic

C. Autoimmune

D. Nondiscrete

17. Most marine invertebrates areosmoconformers. This means that

A. the osmolality of their body fluids isequal to that of the osmoregulators who inhabit the sameenvironments.

B. the osmolality of their body fluidsfluctuates between being hypertonic to hyportonic depending on theseason and the tides.

C. the osmolality of their body fluids isnot the same as their seawater environment

D. the osmolality of their body fluids isthe same as their seawater environment and that their bodiescontain the same solutes as their surroundings

E. the osmolality of their body fluids isthe same as their seawater environment

18. Which of the following determinesgenetic (male or female) in mammals?

A. the acrosome of the sperm

B. the temperature of the developingfetus

C. the SRY gene on the Y chromosome

D. the genetic makeup of the parents

E. the Y chromosome contained in theegg





If you can please explain why and how yougot the answer. 5 star rating for correct answers only, I have theanswer sheet, and just want to double check.

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