abunjing

1.
In wolves, black coat color is recessive to the normal grey, andblue eye color is recessive to brown. A black-coated blue eyed malemates with a female who is heterozygous for both traits, and thereare 8 pups in the litter.
What are the expected genotoypes of the pups? what are the expectedphenotypes?

2.
A man and a woman both have normal color vision, and both havecolorblind fathers.
What proportion of their daughters would you expect to be colorblind?
What proportion of their sons?

3.
Assume that in the U.S. in 1960, the frequency of the autosomalrecessive Tay-Sachs disease among eastern European Jews was 1 per3600births.
What was the frequency of the Tay-Sachs allel in thispopulation?
In 1961, a woman of polish ancestry whose brother died of Tay-Sachsdisease marries a Jewish man of Hungarian ancestry. Assuming thatshe is a carrier, what is the probability that their first childwill have Tay-Sachs disease?

4. In fruit flies, black body (b) is recessive to normal body color(B). In a breeding study, a population of flies is allowed to mateat random. In the population, 3000 flies are homozygous for blackbody color, and 2000 flies are homozygous for the normalallele.
What is the frequency of each genotype in the F1 generation?
What would the proportion of phenotpyes be?
What is the frequency of the two alleles, B and b, in the F1generation?

5.
In peas, the dominant seed shape is round and the recessive iswrinkled(w). The dominant trait for pod color is green andrecessive is yellow (y). A plant with round seeds and green podsthat i heterozygous only for the color trait is crossed with aplant that has wrinkled seeds and yellow pods, and the resulting F1progeny are selfed(self fertilized).
Write out the P1 genotpes and the F1 and F2 genotypic andphenotypic ratios.
What proportion of the plants with green pods and round seeds fromthe F2 generation would you expect to be true breeding(i.e. produceonly plants with green pods and round seeds)?

Thank you

3.
Assume that in the U.S. in 1960, the frequency of the autosomalrecessive Tay-Sachs disease among eastern European Jews was 1 per3600births.
What was the frequency of the Tay-Sachs allel in thispopulation?
In 1961, a woman of polish ancestry whose brother died of Tay-Sachsdisease marries a Jewish man of Hungarian ancestry. Assuming thatshe is a carrier, what is the probability that their first childwill have Tay-Sachs disease?

4. In fruit flies, black body (b) is recessive to normal body color(B). In a breeding study, a population of flies is allowed to mateat random. In the population, 3000 flies are homozygous for blackbody color, and 2000 flies are homozygous for the normalallele.
What is the frequency of each genotype in the F1 generation?
What would the proportion of phenotpyes be?
What is the frequency of the two alleles, B and b, in the F1generation?

a. Non-government organisations play an imperative role inpromoting a balanced and healthy dietary intake in the Australianpopulation.

Identify one Australian non-government agency and brieflydescribe their objectives.

b. Describe a program or strategy implemented by the agencyidentified in Question a.

c. Explain how the program or strategy described in Question 2bcould promote healthy eating in Australia.

The Australian Dietary Guidelines aim to:

_ Promote health and wellbeing
_ Reduce the risk of lifestyle-related conditions
_ Reduce the risk of chronic disease

a. Who are the Australian Dietary Guidelines intended to be usedby?

b. Describe two ways the Australian Dietary Guidelines meettheir aims.

Describe five government organizations and their roles inhealthcare.Identify key components and their effect on varioushealthcare populations.

describe how nursing service might be organized in a hospital, their key roles, and their relationship to other departments.

You begin your career in an acute care hospital as a newly licensed RN. During your orientation, you observe your preceptor checking gastric feeding tube placement by injecting air and auscultating the abdomen.

Describe how you will address this gap in nursing practice with your preceptor. Write out exactly what you might say to this RN to professionally address the current evidence for the nursing care of patients.

Include when and where you would communicate this information

Consider any additional information you might provide to your preceptor to support changing nursing practice

I am doing my assignments in professional roles nursing please

Write a paragraph containing the following questions.

Describe what Evidence-Based Practice means to you.

Draw on your personal experiences,

Explaining why the experience was relevant.

Explain how it integrates in your nursing practice.

Identify any situations that you can recall in which evidence was applied in making practice decisions.

Include the following in your outline:

Name of enzyme you will use

Name of organism (if applicable)

The substrate

Method for measuring enzyme activity

Treatment: acidic fluid(s), pH, length of exposure, how you will treat your samples

The control(s) in the experiment

Sample size

Hypothesis

How you will present your data (table and/or type of graph)

Anything else you would like to get feedback on before you start your experiment

THE ACTUAL FINAL APPLIED INSTRUCTIONS are below.....

Final Applied Lab Project (1 credit Lab Component)

Addresses course outcomes 1-4:

recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems

make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations

weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method

use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions

This is the culminating lab assessment in BIOL 103. It is designed to assess your ability to apply the principles of the scientific method.

The Effect of low pH on Enzyme Activity

Design an experiment in which you will test the effect of an acidic fluid on enzymatic activity. Recall: enzymes are proteins! To complete this project, it may be useful for you to first review the Scientific Method Tutorial, the OLI module about pH and enzymes, Lab 1 (Introduction to Science) and Lab 4 (Enzymes). As you review Lab 4, you will be reminded that there are several factors that impact enzymatic activity: pH, temperature, and amount of reagent. It is OK to use the same enzyme/substrate/method as you did in lab 4 (but modify the treatment), or you can search on-line to find a different enzyme/substrate/method for measuring enzyme activity for your project (include all references).

As you design your experiment for this project, please remember that you are trying to examine how an acidic fluid will modify the outcome of an enzymatic reaction. To successfully complete this project, you will need to identify the question(s) being asked in your experiment and the hypothesis that you are testing. In your experimental design, you must clearly explain what you are doing. That means that you will need to identify the enzyme, the substrate, the acidic fluid used as treatment, the control treatment and the method of measuring enzyme activity, as well as explain your experimental protocol. You must also thoroughly explain how the acidic fluid impacted enzyme activity based on the results from your own experiment as well as knowledge of enzymes and pH from the OLI modules, lab manual and potentially additional information sources.

Hint: Keep in mind that the acid will change the environmental conditions of the experiment (for example, a low pH value could change the shape of the active site on the enzyme protein), without directly participating in the reaction.

Lab Materials

You may need all or some of the following, depending on your experimental design:

Materials from your lab kit:

pH paper

hydrogen peroxide solution (you can purchase this at a pharmacy if you have used up the bottle that came with the lab kit)

plastic beakers or cups

vinegar

yeast (can be purchased at grocery store if more is needed)

balloons

plastic bottle

marker for labeling of beakers

Cell phone/digital camera - pictures required

You may choose to use additional materials (different acidic fluids and/or different organisms and/or different substrate if you chose an enzyme other than catalase).

Outline:

Include the following in your outline:

Name of enzyme you will use

Name of organism (if applicable)

The substrate

Method for measuring enzyme activity

Treatment: acidic fluid(s), pH, length of exposure, how you will treat your samples

The control(s) in the experiment

Sample size

Hypothesis

How you will present your data (table and/or type of graph)

Anything else you would like to get feedback on before you start your experiment

Write a lab report that includes the following:

1. Title page: descriptive title, your name, course name, semester

2. Introduction: general background information about enzymes and specific information about your chosen enzyme, the question(s) that you are asking and a clear hypothesis for your experiment (20 points).

3. Design an experiment. Provide a detailed description of the materials and methods used to conduct the experiment. Identify control and experimental samples, as well as independent and dependent variables. Also include the methods used for data collection and analysis (20 points).

4. Conduct the experiment and record your results. Take picture(s) of your results. What did you observe? Present your data in table and/or graph format. Remember to label everything and include the unit of measure with all numbers (20 points)

5. Use your knowledge of enzymes and pH to interpret and discuss your results. It may be necessary for you to refer to the OLI course modules, lab manual and/or use additional information resources. What effect does the acidic treatment have on enzyme activity? Did you get the expected results? Explain. (20 points)

6. State a specific and accurate conclusion. Is your hypothesis supported by the results? Looking back, how could you have improved your experiment? (10 points)

7. Include a list of references to all information sources used in APA format (5 points).

Final Applied Lab Project (1 credit Lab Component)

Addresses course outcomes 1-4:

recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems

make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations

weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method

use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions

This is the culminating lab assessment in BIOL 103. It is designed to assess your ability to apply the principles of the scientific method.

The Effect of low pH on Enzyme Activity

Design an experiment in which you will test the effect of an acidic fluid on enzymatic activity. Recall: enzymes are proteins! To complete this project, it may be useful for you to first review the Scientific Method Tutorial, information about pH and enzymes in the text book and course modules, Lab 1 (Introduction to Science) and Lab 4 (Enzymes). As you review Lab 4, you will be reminded that there are several factors that impact enzymatic activity: pH, temperature, and amount of reagent. It is OK to use the same enzyme/substrate/method as you did in lab 4 (but modify the treatment), or you can search on-line to find a different enzyme/substrate/method for measuring enzyme activity for your project (include all references).

As you design your experiment for this project, please remember that you are trying to examine how an acidic fluid will modify the outcome of an enzymatic reaction. To successfully complete this project, you will need to identify the question(s) being asked in your experiment and the hypothesis that you are testing. In your experimental design, you must clearly explain what you are doing. That means that you will need to identify the enzyme, the substrate, the acidic fluid used as treatment, the control treatment and the method of measuring enzyme activity, as well as explain your experimental protocol. You must also thoroughly explain how the acidic fluid impacted enzyme activity based on the results from your own experiment as well as knowledge of enzymes and pH from the text book, modules, lab manual and potentially additional information sources.

Hint: Keep in mind that the acid will change the environmental conditions of the experiment (for example, a low pH value could change the shape of the active site on the enzyme protein), without directly participating in the reaction.

Lab Materials

You may need all or some of the following, depending on your experimental design:

Materials from your lab kit:

pH paper

hydrogen peroxide solution (you can purchase this at a pharmacy if you have used up the bottle that came with the lab kit)

plastic beakers or cups

vinegar

yeast (can be purchased at grocery store if more is needed)

balloons

plastic bottle

marker for labeling of beakers

Cell phone/digital camera - pictures required

You may choose to use additional materials (different acidic fluids and/or different organisms and/or different substrate if you chose an enzyme other than catalase).

Outline:

Include the following in your outline:

Name of enzyme you will use

Name of organism (if applicable)

The substrate and products in the chemical reaction

Method for measuring enzyme activity

Treatment: acidic fluid(s), pH, length of exposure, how you will treat your samples

The control(s) in the experiment

Hypothesis

How you will present your data (table and/or type of graph)

Anything else you would like to get feedback on before you start your experiment

Write a lab report that includes the following:

1. Title page: descriptive title, your name, course name, semester

2. Introduction: general background information about enzymes and specific information about your chosen enzyme, the question(s) that you are asking and a clear hypothesis for your experiment (20 points).

3. Design an experiment. Provide a detailed description of the materials and methods used to conduct the experiment. Identify control and experimental samples, as well as independent and dependent variables. Also include the methods used for data collection and analysis (20 points).

4. Conduct the experiment and record your results. Take picture of results. What did you observe? Present your data in table and/or graph format. Remember to label everything and include the unit of measure with all numbers (20 points)

5. Use your knowledge of enzymes and pH to interpret and discuss your results. It may be necessary for you to refer to the text book and course modules, lab manual and/or use additional information resources. What effect does the acidic treatment have on enzyme activity? Did you get the expected results? Explain. (20 points)

6. State a specific and accurate conclusion. Is your hypothesis supported by the results? Looking back, how could you have improved your experiment? (10 points)

7. Include a list of references to all information sources used in APA format (5 points).

Avoid Plagiarism

It is very important to write with your own words. If you do copy one or two sentences directly (use sparingly), use quotation marks (") around the copied text, followed by an in-text reference. All information sources need to be included in the reference list and as in-text references. Plagiarism will be reported to the proper UMUC authority. Guidance on how to avoid plagiarism can be found here: https://www.umuc.edu/students/academic-integrity/ai-tutorial/academic-integrity-tutorial.html

Submission

Submit your final applied lab project in the assignment folder by the due date specified in the course schedule.

Grading

Your Outline will be graded based on the following criteria (100 points total):

Your Final Applied Lab Project will be graded based on the following criteria (100 points total):

Final Applied Lab Project (1 credit Lab Component)

Addresses course outcomes 1-4:

recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems

make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations

weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method

use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions

This is the culminating lab assessment in BIOL 103. It is designed to assess your ability to apply the principles of the scientific method.

The Effect of low pH on Enzyme Activity

Design an experiment in which you will test the effect of an acidic fluid on enzymatic activity. Recall: enzymes are proteins! To complete this project, it may be useful for you to first review the Scientific Method Tutorial, the OLI module about pH and enzymes, Lab 1 (Introduction to Science) and Lab 4 (Enzymes). As you review Lab 4, you will be reminded that there are several factors that impact enzymatic activity: pH, temperature, and amount of reagent. It is OK to use the same enzyme/substrate/method as you did in lab 4 (but modify the treatment), or you can search on-line to find a different enzyme/substrate/method for measuring enzyme activity for your project (include all references).

As you design your experiment for this project, please remember that you are trying to examine how an acidic fluid will modify the outcome of an enzymatic reaction. To successfully complete this project, you will need to identify the question(s) being asked in your experiment and the hypothesis that you are testing. In your experimental design, you must clearly explain what you are doing. That means that you will need to identify the enzyme, the substrate, the acidic fluid used as treatment, the control treatment and the method of measuring enzyme activity, as well as explain your experimental protocol. You must also thoroughly explain how the acidic fluid impacted enzyme activity based on the results from your own experiment as well as knowledge of enzymes and pH from the OLI modules, lab manual and potentially additional information sources.

Hint: Keep in mind that the acid will change the environmental conditions of the experiment (for example, a low pH value could change the shape of the active site on the enzyme protein), without directly participating in the reaction.

Lab Materials

You may need all or some of the following, depending on your experimental design:

Materials from your lab kit:

pH paper

hydrogen peroxide solution (you can purchase this at a pharmacy if you have used up the bottle that came with the lab kit)

plastic beakers or cups

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yeast (can be purchased at grocery store if more is needed)

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plastic bottle

marker for labeling of beakers

You may choose to use additional materials (different acidic fluids and/or different organisms and/or different substrate if you chose an enzyme other than catalase).

Outline (10 points) submit in assignment folder in week 7.

Include the following in your outline:

Name of enzyme you will use

Name of organism (if applicable)

The substrate

Method for measuring enzyme activity

Treatment: acidic fluid(s), pH, length of exposure, how you will treat your samples

The control(s) in the experiment

Sample size

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How you will present your data (table and/or type of graph)

Anything else you would like to get feedback on before you start your experiment

Write a paper that includes the following:

1. Title page: descriptive title, your name, course name, semester

2. Introduction: general background information about enzymes and specific information about your chosen enzyme, the question(s) that you are asking and a clear hypothesis for your experiment (15 points).

3. Design an experiment. Provide a detailed description of the materials and methods used to conduct the experiment. Identify control and experimental samples, as well as independent and dependent variables. Also include the methods used for data collection and analysis (20 points).

4. Conduct the experiment and record your results. What did you observe? Present your data in table and/or graph format. Remember to label everything and include the unit of measure with all numbers (20 points)

5. Use your knowledge of enzymes and pH to interpret and discuss your results. It may be necessary for you to refer to the OLI course modules, lab manual and/or use additional information resources. What effect does the acidic treatment have on enzyme activity? Did you get the expected results? Explain. (15 points)

6. State a specific and accurate conclusion. Is your hypothesis supported by the results? Looking back, how could you have improved your experiment? (10 points)

7. Include a list of references to all information sources used in APA format (5 points).

Avoid Plagiarism

It is very important to write with your own words. If you do copy one or two sentences directly (use sparingly), use quotation marks (") around the copied text, followed by an in-text reference. All information sources need to be included in the reference list and as in-text references. Plagiarism will be reported to the proper UMUC authority. Guidance on how to avoid plagiarism can be found here:

Question:
Question:
Addresses course outcomes 1-4:
recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems
make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations
weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method
use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions
This is the culminating lab assessment in BIOL 103. It is designed to assess your ability to apply the principles of the scientific method.
The Effect of low pH on Enzyme Activity
Design an experiment in which you will test the effect of an acidic fluid on enzymatic activity. Recall: enzymes are proteins! To complete this project, it may be useful for you to first review the Scientific Method Tutorial, the OLI module about pH and enzymes, Lab 1 (Introduction to Science) and Lab 4 (Enzymes). As you review Lab 4, you will be reminded that there are several factors that impact enzymatic activity: pH, temperature, and amount of reagent. It is OK to use the same enzyme/substrate/method as you did in lab 4 (but modify the treatment), or you can search on-line to find a different enzyme/substrate/method for measuring enzyme activity for your project (include all references).
As you design your experiment for this project, please remember that you are trying to examine how an acidic fluid will modify the outcome of an enzymatic reaction. To successfully complete this project, you will need to identify the question(s) being asked in your experiment and the hypothesis that you are testing. In your experimental design, you must clearly explain what you are doing. That means that you will need to identify the enzyme, the substrate, the acidic fluid used as treatment, the control treatment and the method of measuring enzyme activity, as well as explain your experimental protocol. You must also thoroughly explain how the acidic fluid impacted enzyme activity based on the results from your own experiment as well as knowledge of enzymes and pH from the OLI modules, lab manual and potentially additional information sources.
Hint: Keep in mind that the acid will change the environmental conditions of the experiment (for example, a low pH value could change the shape of the active site on the enzyme protein), without directly participating in the reaction.
Lab Materials
You may need all or some of the following, depending on your experimental design:
Materials from your lab kit:
pH paper
hydrogen peroxide solution (you can purchase this at a pharmacy if you have used up the bottle that came with the lab kit)
plastic beakers or cups
vinegar
yeast (can be purchased at grocery store if more is needed)
balloons
plastic bottle
marker for labeling of beakers
Cell phone/digital camera - pictures required
You may choose to use additional materials (different acidic fluids and/or different organisms and/or different substrate if you chose an enzyme other than catalase).
Outline:
Include the following in your outline:
Name of enzyme you will use
Name of organism (if applicable)
The substrate
Method for measuring enzyme activity
Treatment: acidic fluid(s), pH, length of exposure, how you will treat your samples
The control(s) in the experiment
Sample size
Hypothesis
How you will present your data (table and/or type of graph)
Anything else you would like to get feedback on before you start your experiment

Write a lab report that includes the following:
1. Title page: descriptive title, your name, course name, semester
2. Introduction: general background information about enzymes and specific information about your chosen enzyme, the question(s) that you are asking and a clear hypothesis for your experiment (20 points).
3. Design an experiment. Provide a detailed description of the materials and methods used to conduct the experiment. Identify control and experimental samples, as well as independent and dependent variables. Also include the methods used for data collection and analysis (20 points).
4. Conduct the experiment and record your results. Take picture(s) of your results. What did you observe? Present your data in table and/or graph format. Remember to label everything and include the unit of measure with all numbers (20 points)
5. Use your knowledge of enzymes and pH to interpret and discuss your results. It may be necessary for you to refer to the OLI course modules, lab manual and/or use additional information resources. What effect does the acidic treatment have on enzyme activity? Did you get the expected results? Explain. (20 points)
6. State a specific and accurate conclusion. Is your hypothesis supported by the results? Looking back, how could you have improved your experiment? (10 points)
7. Include a list of references to all information sources used in APA format (5 points).

Outline:

Outline Final Applied Lab Project

Enzyme- Amylase catalase- yeast

Substrate: Hydrogen Peroxide

Method

pH levels: pH test strips

Temperature: Celsius

Time: 4 Minute intervals

Controls

Positive: ginger root

Negative: water

Sample Sizes

Solutions: 10mL

Organisms: Quarter teaspoon of grated potato

Hypothesis

As the pH levels increase, so will the reaction.

Data Presentation

Graph, line, or bar graph depending on outcome of experiment

Conclusion and results.

Dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloid have been removed from the American market
follow

Dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloid have been removed from the American market
follow

(c). Identify two (2) other recommendations

Products that use nanotechnology present regulatory challenges to Regulators. The FDA Task force on Nanotechnology addressed this challenge in their 2007 report. Using this report as your main resource, address the following:

(c). Identify two (2) other recommendations made by the Task Force and discuss the rationale provided by the Task Force for each of them.

Write a paper (1,500-1,750 words) in which you address the following based on the information provided in the "West Coast Transit Case Study" resource.

Define the three criteria for evaluating effective team/group work (as stated in the reading this week) and analyze whether the "team" assembled by Bernie Hollis and Pete Denson is effective or not.

Provide a review of each of Tuckman's five stages of group formation and identify what stage(s) are evident in the case. Explain your answer.

Define Schein’s three behavioral profile roles during team entry and identify how the profiles are demonstrated in the case. Explain your answer.

Was the communication among the participants in the case effective or not? Justify your answer (this is not just an opinion).

The Organizational Behavior textbook describes two main types of conflict. Define them and then describe the type (s) of conflict that are evident in the case.

Propose how Denson should manage the conflict in this case using one direct conflict management and one indirect conflict management approach? Explain your response.

Identify one specific task leadership activity and one specific maintenance activity that should be encouraged. Identify the most significant disruptive behavior that should be discouraged.

Identify the most obvious individual motivational problems experienced by Jing, Mahonney, and Tanney. How should Denson motivate each person? Be sure to provide a specific motivational suggestion for each person based on that person's motivational needs. Ensure that at you have at least one suggestions from each of the motivational theories/techniques (content theories, process theories, and reinforcement strategies).

A. You want to make 500 ml of 1M NaCl (FW = 58.44). What mass of NaCl do you use? Show your work.

29.22 g NaCl / 500 ml

B. Now outline how you will perform a serial dilution comprised of 5 steps with a dilution factor of 2 at each step. What is the salt concentration at each step?

Need help with B only!

This question deals with dilutions. It has four parts.

A) If the dilution of a sample is 1/8, what is the dilution factor (D.F.)? I got my answer to be 8.

B) Suppose you want to make a 1/18 dilution of a sample.
If you use 7 ml of the sample, how many ml of diluent do you need to use?
(NOTE: You do not need to put units in your answer, the units in this problem are milliliters.) I got my answer to be 119.

C) In a three step serial dilution:
the first dilution is 1/6
the second dilution is 1/2
the third dilution is 1/10

What is the total dilution factor of this three step serial dilution procedure?
(HINT: Remember that D.F. = 1/dil. Also remember that the term for D.F has no units.) I got my answer to be 720.

D) To determine the concentration of bacteria in a liquid sample, you prepare a serial dilution of the culture and spread 0.10 ml aliquots of several of the dilutions on plates of a rich agar medium.
After incubating, you see 200 colonies on the spread plate that was prepared from the 10^-2 dilution.
What was the concentration of viable bacteria in the liquid culture?
(Units for the answer to this problem are CFU/ml but do not enter the units in your response.) I got my answer to be 2e5.

Can someone please check these for me? This is online homework, and I have to submit everything at the same time, so if I get one wrong, the entire problem is wrong!

A student in Biology 328 performed a serial dilution series on his dirt sample to determine the starting concentration of bacterial cells. He performed 5 dilutions by adding 1 mL of the previous culture to the next culture (sterile water) and plated the last dilution as follows: He plated the bacteria by pipetting 1 mL and 0.1 mL (Plates A and B respectively) and spreading the culture evenly over a R2A plate. Please answer the questions on the following page regarding this dilution series. 5 mLs (1 gram dirt) Questions: 1. What is the dilution factor for each dilution? (Added amount/total amount = dilution factor) 2. What is the TOTAL dilution factor for Plate A? What makes the total dilution factor for Plate B different from Plate A? (Total dilution factor = individual dilution factors multiplied by each other) 3. After the plates were incubated at 30°C for 24 hrs, 273 colonies formed on plate A and 30 colonies formed on plate B. What is the concentration, in c.f.u./mL, of the original diluted dirt sample? 4. As shown, the student has 5 mLs of the original culture. How many c.f.u/g dirt are there in the sample? 5. Say the student changed dilution 5; adding 1 mL of the previous culture to 4 mLs of sterile PBS. A. How does this change the dilution factor of dilution 5? B. How does this change the TOTAL dilution factor? C. What would be the new original dirt sample concentration, in c.f.u./g dirt, if Plate A and Plate B yielded the same amount of colonies as indicated in question 3?

A student prepares a dilution series of a bacterial culture. (Dilutions series are a 1/10 dilution.) They plate

0.10 ml from each tube in the on separate agar plates. After incubation, 300 colonies were observed on the

fourth plate in the dilution series. What was the concentration of viable cells in the original culture?

1) The number of single colonies on a correctly-prepared agar plate can be used to estimate the concentration of viable cells in a broth culture because:(Multiple Choice）

A. The plate was inoculated with a known volume of culture.

B. Each colony contains only viable cells.

C. Each colony arises from a single viable cell.

A and B

A and C

2) A student needs to determine the concentration of viable cells in a broth culture of E.coli. What should they do? (Multiple Choice）

Measure the optical density (OD) of the culture using a spectrophotometer.

Use a sterile spreader to spread a known volume of the culture across an agar plate.

Use a sterile loop to streak a small volume of the culture across an agar plate.

Perform serial dilutions of the culture, and then use a sterile spreader to spread a known volume of the dilutions across agar plates.

Perform serial dilutions of the culture, and then use a sterile loop to streak a small volume of the dilutions across agar plates.

If a bacterial broth culture has a concentration of 7.5x10¹¹ cells/mL, what dilution is required to give a concentration of 3x10⁴ cells/mL? (Multiple Choice）

4.4*10^-17 dilution

2.25*10¹⁶ dilution

4*10¹⁴ dilution

4*10^-8 dilution

2.5*10⁷ dilution

1. A grad student has a culture of E. coli with a total volume of 1,800 mL, and OD reading at 550 nm of 1.7. He transfers 1 mL culture into 9 mL tryptone broth. Next, he transfers 0.1 mL of this dilution into 0.9 mL tryptone broth, and repeats this two more times to make a total of 4 serial dilutions. He then pipets 200 uL from the fourth dilution on an agar plate, spreads it over the surface, and puts the plate in an incubator to grow overnight. The next day, he counts 386 cfus (colony forming units) on the plate.

a. What is the dilution in the third tube? Answer with the exponent to the power of 10, that is ? in 10? b. What is the dilution of cells spread onto the agar plate? Answer in decimal notation.
c. How many viable cells are present in the 1800 mL starting culture? Answer in decimal notation.

1. A grad student has a culture of E. coli with a total volume of 600 mL, and OD reading at 550 nm of 1.7. He transfers 1 mL culture into 9 mL tryptone broth. Next, he transfers 0.1 mL of this dilution into 0.9 mL tryptone broth, and repeats this two more times to make a total of 4 serial dilutions. He then pipets 200 uL from the fourth dilution on an agar plate, spreads it over the surface, and puts the plate in an incubator to grow overnight. The next day, he counts 152 cfus (colony forming units) on the plate.

a. What is the dilution of cells in the third tube? Answer with the exponent to the power of 10.

b. What is the dilution of cells spread onto the agar plate? Answer in decimal notation.

c. How many viable cells are present in the 600 mL starting culture? Answer in decimal notation.

I know how to do A and B, but how do you go about doing C?

Microbiology Unit 2 Applied and Environmental Assignment Part 1:

Identify Nutritional requirements from Chapter 6 & 14 (and review from chapters 1 & 2)

1. Determine which of the 4 macromolecules require the following elements:

a. Carbon: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___

b. Nitrogen: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___

c. Sulfur: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___

2. The essential elements mentioned above are cycled through cells and the earth in biogeochemical cycles like the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the sulfur cycle. Select the correct answer and fill in the blanks to summarize these cycles:

a. Carbon dioxide is taken in from the atmosphere by [autotrophs/heterotrophs] and converted to glucose through carbon ________________. When heterotrophs eat autotrophs they catabolize glucose to make ATP through __________________ and waste carbon is released as ___________.

b. There is plenty of nitrogen available in the atmosphere but it is not accessible to organisms because it is in the form of Nitrogen gas (N2). N2 is fixed by [bacteria/plants/animals] and converted to ammonia (NH3.) NH3 can be used by [bacteria/plants/animals] to build their cells. Next, by consuming food with amino acids, [bacteria/plants/animals] can get access to nitrogen for their own cellular needs.

c. There is also a good quantity of sulfur in dirt, rocks, and the atmosphere. Sulfur cycles between H2S => S0 => SO4 => SH groups in Proteins => back to H2S. Using _________________ respiration, anoxygenic photosynthesis, and chemolithoautotrophy [bacteria/plants/animals] convert H2S and S0 to SO4 which is taken in by [bacteria/plants/animals] and used to build their cells. When [bacteria/plants/animals] eat plants they take in essential amino acids containing sulfur and recycle these to make their own proteins.

d. _________________ break down waste and dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the cycles.

*The C and N are summarized here: https://youtu.be/2D7hZpIYlCA and https://youtu.be/leHy-Y_8nRs

3. Identify the main metabolic classifications:

Please help me with my microbiology assignment.

The activity of sodium thioglycollate in the thioglycollate broth is to __________.

Explain how thioglycollate broth works. What is it about this medium that allows organisms with different oxygen requirements to grow in the same medium?

1. What is in Thioglycollate medium that allows organisms to grow in an Oxygen-limited environment? ____________________________________________

2. _______________________________________ are organisms that grow in the presence or absence of oxygen.

3. How do you get rid of Oxygen in the anaerobic jar to produce an optimum environment for obligate anaerobic organisms? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Organisms that are adapted to a temperature between 15-45 degrees Celsius are called _____________________________

5. Neutrophiles are organisms that normally grow at pH range of______

Sugar fermentation test is usually a

A)Standard diagnostic procedure used in clinical labs to identify microbes

B) Test used to determine virulence factor of a microorganisms

C) Both

------

True or False

The MR test indicates mixed acid production via glucose fermentation when positive.

True or False.

The SIMS test is often used to look for motility. ______

The Simmons Citrate test is looking for acid production from the bacteria. _______

MSA plates grow only gram – bacteria. _______

E. Coli produces an orange colony on EMB plates, due to lactose fermentation. _______

Gas production in TSI test is often seen as cracks in the media. _______

The LIA tests changes from green to blue when positive. _______

Klebsiella pneumoniae produces a black butt on a TSI test. _______

Salmonella typhimurium is gram-positive bacteria. ________

The MR-VP media was inoculated using the slant method. _______

If bacteria grow only on the butt of the biochemical test, then it is considered aerobic.

True or false

Gas production in TSI test is often seen as cracks in the media. _______

The LIA tests changes from green to blue when positive. _______

Klebsiella pneumoniae produces a black butt on a TSI test. _______

Salmonella typhimurium is gram-positive bacteria. ________

The MR-VP media was inoculated using the slant method. _______

If bacteria grow only on the butt of the biochemical test, then it is considered aerobic.______

Chose ANY and ALL true statements from the listedchoices

a) The motility test is considered to be a biochemical test.

b) Biochemical tests can be used to identify bacteria ANDviruses

c) Biochemical tests are used to determine the host renge for agiven pathogen

d) Heavy inoculation of a biochemical test can impact the resultobtained

e) Biochemical tests can be used to determine the genus ANDspecies of a bacterium

2) Does Biochemical test identify Virus?? I know it identifuBacteria but Virusess too?

You have a male Yellow Labrador Retriever with a brown nose that you are going to breed and your extraordinarily-picky partner desperately wants Chocolate Lab puppies. However, the only female mates to which you have access are all Black Labs. Luckily, your friend works for a genetics laboratory and has offered to determine the genotypes of the Black Labs for you.

a) Which Black Lab genotype, if available, would maximize the chances of getting Chocolate Lab puppies?

Would it be BbEE because there's an allele for brown (b) and dominant alleles for the deposition into the fur?

b) what other phenotypes might you expect in the litter?

Yellow with brown nose = eebb

possible black labs = BBEE, BbEE, BBEe, and BbEe

so would it just be the offspring of eebb with all the black labs? So eebb x BBEE, eebb x BbEE, eebb x BBEe, eebb x BbEe

You have a female Labrador retriever. This breed has three coatcolors, black, chocolate, and yellow. Black labs are dark as night,chocolate labs are a deep brown, and yellow labs appear light brownto white. Their nose, lips and gums can be either brown or black.Your dog is yellow with a black nose. You breed her with achocolate lab with a brown nose. All puppies are either black oryellow and have a black nose. Coat color is due to an epistaticinteraction between a gene that determines chocolate or blackpigment color (designated B) and a gene that is involved in pigmentdeposition (designated E). Each gene has a recessive allele thatdoes not function. Black labs are B_/E_; chocolate labs are bb/E_;and yellow labs are __/ee. The “E” gene does not appear to beinvolved in the deposition of pigment to the nose and gums.

***what is most likely genotype of your dog

Labrador retrievers may be black, brown, or golden in color. Although each color may breed true, many different outcomes occur if numerous litters are examined from a variety of matings, where the parents are not necessarily true-breeding. The following results show some of the possibilities.

Part C

Indicate the genotype(s) of dogs that breed true for black color.

Check all that apply.

Check all that apply.

Part D

Indicate the genotype(s) of dogs that breed true for brown color.

Check all that apply.

Check all that apply.

Part E

Indicate the genotype(s) of dogs that breed true for golden color.

Check all that apply.

Check all that apply.

Labrador retrievers may be black, brown, or golden in color.Although each color may breed true, many different outcomes occurif numerous litters are examined from a variety of matings, wherethe parents are not necessarily true-breeding. The followingresults show some of the possibilities. Indicate the correspondinggenotypes of the parents in each mating.

Introduction Procedure < Include information that the reader would need to repeat your experimental procedure. Do not include any observations or results in this section> Observations and Results Part I: Bacterial Growth Result + or - Appearance after Incubation Gram Stain N/A OF Glucose Broth OF Glucose Broth with Oil Indole Production Test Malonate Bacterium identified as: Assigned bacterium was: Discussion & Conclusion • Based upon your results, is your bacteria sample a strict aerobe, strict anaerobe, facultative anaerobe, or microaerophile? Why? – Look at your results from OF Glucose and OF Glucose with oil test. • How important is it to add the Kovac’s Reagent in the Indole Utilization test? What is responsible for the color change observed in a positive test? –You can read more about this test in the Test Media Reference in VUMIE2012. Click the M? button. • Did the bacteria grow in the tryptone or malonate media? Why or why not? – Remember, you can tell if they grew if culture was turbid (cloudy). • For the media used in this portion of the experiment, are the media complex or synthetic? Are the media selective, differential, both, or neither? Identify the carbon and nitrogen source for each medium. – Read more about what these terms mean starting on page 178 in your book right below Figure 6.11. Look up each media with the M? button. Remember, nutrient broth is a complex media, mineral salts is a defined media. • How many possible bacteria were remaining after conducting these biochemical tests? • Using the information in the Identification matrix, what additional tests might help you to identify the bacteria in your case study? –Look at the View Identification Matrix under the View menu. What tests would you perform? Look for ones that have a mix of + and – because they would help distinguish between organisms.

BACTERIAL GROWTH and CONTROLLINGBACTERIAL GROWTH lab report using virtual unknownsoftware

Bacterial Growth

Include purpose of lab experiment>

<brief summary of topic investigating and case studies>

<state major finding>

Procedure

< Include information that the reader would need to repeatyour experimental procedure. Do not include any observations orresults in this section>

Observations and Results

Part I: Bacterial Growth

Bacterium identified as:

Assigned bacterium was:

Discussion & Conclusion

Based upon your results, is your bacteria sample a strictaerobe, strict anaerobe, facultative anaerobe, or microaerophile?Why? Look at your results from OF Glucose and OF Glucose with oiltest.

How important is it to add the Kovac's Reagent in the IndoleUtilization test? What is responsible for the color change observedin a positive test? You can read more about this test in the TestMedia Reference in VUMIE2012. Click the M? button.

Did the bacteria grow in the tryptone or malonate media? Why orwhy not? Remember, you can tell if they grew if culture was turbid(cloudy).

For the media used in this portion of the experiment, are themedia complex or synthetic? Are the media selective, differential,both, or neither? Identify the carbon and nitrogen source for eachmedium. Read more about what these terms mean starting on page 178in your book right below Figure 6.11. Look up each media with theM? button. Remember, nutrient broth is a complex media, mineralsalts is a defined media.

How many possible bacteria were remaining after conducting thesebiochemical tests?

Using the information in the Identification matrix, whatadditional tests might help you to identify the bacteria in yourcase study? Look at the View Identification Matrix under the Viewmenu. What tests would you perform? Look for ones that have a mixof + and - because they would help distinguish betweenorganisms.

Experiment: Bacterial Growth and Controlling Bacterial Growth

Introduction

Procedure

Observations and Results Part I:

Bacterial Growth Result + or - Appearance after incubation Gram stain N/A OF glucose broth OF glucose broth with oil Indole production test Malonate Bacterium identified as: Assigned bacterium was:

Discussion and Conclusion •

Based on your results, is your bacteria sample a strict aerobe, strict anaerobe, facultative anaerobe, or microaerophile? Why? Look at your results from the OF glucose and OF glucose with oil tests. •

How important is it to add the Kovac’s reagent in the Indole utilization test? What is responsible for the color change observed in a positive test? You can read more about this test in the Test Media Reference in VUMIE2012. Click the M? button. • Did the bacteria grow in the tryptone or malonate media? Why or why not? Remember, you can tell whether they grew if the culture was turbid (cloudy). • For the media used in this portion of the experiment, are the media complex or synthetic? Are the media selective, differential, both, or neither? Identify the carbon and nitrogen source for each medium. Read more about what these terms mean starting on page 178 in your book right below Figure 6.11. Look up each medium with the M? button. Remember, nutrient broth is a complex medium and mineral salts is a defined medium. • How many possible bacteria were remaining after conducting these biochemical tests? • Using the information in the Identification matrix, what additional tests might help you to identify the bacteria in your case study? –Look at the View Identification Matrix under the View menu. What tests would you perform? Look for ones that have a mix of + and –, because they would help distinguish between organisms. Experiment II: Controlling Microbial Growth Introduction Procedure Observations and Results Discussion and Conclusion Include the answers to the following questions. • Salt is one of the oldest food preservatives. How does salt control microbial growth and reduce spoilage? Which two media include elevated concentrations of NaCl? Would bacteria that have the ability to grow in these two media be more likely to cause food spoilage? Why or why not? • Bile salts are natural products of the digestive system that prevent growth of many bacteria. How do bile salts exert antimicrobial activity? What is the concentration of bile salts in bile esculin agar? Why might some bacteria be able to grow on this medium? • Nitrate is often used as a preservative in cured meats to prevent anaerobic growth of spoilage bacteria. Why would the inclusion of nitrate inhibit anaerobic growth? • Potassium cyanide (KCN) is a potent poison. How might some bacteria be able to grow on media containing potassium cyanide? Conclusion

A. Indicate whether the following descriptions apply to nutrient, defined, selective,

differential, or enrichment media. If the statement applies to more than one, indicate which ones.

Answers may be used more than once.

____________________ if you want to take an environmental sample and grow a wide variety of

bacteria, you would use this medium

____________________ blood agar is an example, because you can see whether or not microbes

produce substances that lyse red blood cells

____________________ you might make this medium with a specially-formulated salt mixture,

some vitamins, and a refined protein source like peptone

____________________ the lauryl tryptose broth that we used for the presumptive coliform test

is this type of medium- we used it to increase the chance of actually seeing the coliforms

B. Indicate whether the following procedures are best performed with liquid or solid media. If

the statement applies to both, say “both.”

_______________________ you can count colonies of microbes grown with this medium

_______________________ you can grow facultative anaerobes with this medium

_______________________ you can use a spectrophotometer to measure growth in this medium

_______________________ you can prepare this medium by autoclaving it prior to use