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19 May 2018

Poisons like cyanide inhibit Na+ efflux and K+ influx during cellular transport. This inhibitory effect is reversed by an injection of ATP. This demonstrates that

(a) ATP is the carrier protein in the transport system

(b) energy for Na+-K+ exchange pump comes from ATP

(c) ATP is hydrolysed by ATPase to release energy

(d) Na+-K+ exchange pump operates in the cell.

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Lelia LubowitzLv2

21 May 2018

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1. The plasma membrane of liver cells contains a glucose uniportthat transports glucose by facilitated diffusion. When the[glucose] is higher inside the liver cell than the [glucose]outside the liver cell, the glucose uniport will

A. couple the transport of glucose out of the cell to thehydrolysis of ATP

B. couple the transport of glucose into the cell to thehydrolysis of ATP

C. switch to a closed conformation, allowing no transport ofglucose

D. transport glucose out of the cell by passive transport

E. transport glucose in of the cell by passive transport

2. Unlike the positive charged ion shown in the middle diagramof figure 11-4B, K+ is higher in concentration inside the cell. Howwill the membrane potential of a cell at rest (shown in both themiddle and right-hand diagrams of Figure 11-4B) affect theelectrochemical gradient for K+?

A. The membrane potential will increase the electrochemicalgradient

B. The membrane potential will decrease the electrochemicalgradient

C. The membrane potential will have no effect on theelectrochemical gradient

3. Which of the following proteins carries out activetransport?

A. gluclose symport

B. Bacteriorhodopsin

C. ABC transporter

D. NA K pump

E. All of the above

4. Aquaporin will not transport Na+ ions because

A. Two asparagine residues in the channel prevent the passage ofNa+ ions by binding the oxygen of each water molecule as it passesby

B. Na+ ions are repelled by the positive charges at the entranceto the channel

C. Na+ ions cannot make contact with the carbonyl (C=O) groupson all four sides of the channel

D. The passage of Na+ ions is energetically unfavorable becauseone side of the channel is hydrophobic in nature

5. The acetylcholine receptor is different from other channelproteins we have discussed, such as the K+ leak channel,because

A. The acetylcholine channel is composed of a single polypeptiderather than multiple subunits

B. The acetylcholine channel transports Na+ ions against theconcentration gradient for sodium

C. The acetylcholine channel has a much smaller diameter thanother channel proteins

D. The acetylcholine channel transports ions with theirassociated shell of water molecules

E. The acetylcholine channel is always open, and never switchesto a closed conformation

6. After opening briefly along the axon of a neuron,voltage-gated ion channels switch to an inactivated conformationthat slowly returns to the original closed conformation of theprotein. This slow change in conformation, requiring about amillisecond, is important because

A. all of the ions that were transported across the membranewhen the ion channels were open must be actively transported backto the other side of the membrane, restoring the originalconcentration gradient, before the ion channels can open again

B. ATP hydrolysis is necessary to drive this energeticallyunfavorable change in conformation

C. it prevents the action potential from reversing direction andtraveling back toward the cell body of the neuron

D. the channel protein must be dephosphorylated in order tocomplete the transport process and return to the originalnonphosphorylated conformation

limeelephant476

_____What is added to a molecule such as ADP when it is phosphorylated?

_____ An anaerobic process in which pyruvate is converted to lactate

_____ A biochemical process that breaks down food molecules to produce other molecules for cellular maintenance.

_____What is the final end product of Glycolysis?

_____ Refers to the potential energy provided by a large hydrogen-cation concentration gradient, and itâs movement across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis.

_____ A molecule that transfers or shuttles electrons during redox reactions.

_____ An organism that can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen.

_____ A type of enzyme that teams with NAD⁺ to remove hydrogen atoms with their electrons.

_____ The loss of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A process in which ATP is produced using the energy stored in concentration gradients.

_____ The products produced during a biochemical reaction that fall between the starting molecule and the end product.

_____ Biochemical process in which a glucose molecule is degraded to two pyruvates.

_____ Short for âreduction/oxidationâ reactions

_____How many pyruvate molecules are produced from a single Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?

_____ The formation of ATP occurring when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP.

_____ Organisms that will die in the presence of oxygen.

_____ A term referring to the presence of oxygen.

_____ A series of electron-carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.

_____ A biochemical process in which pyruvate is produced without the presence of oxygen.

20._____ The metabolic cycle that is fueled by Acetyl CoEnzyme A; occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and supplies most of the NADH molecules that carry energy to the electron transport chain.

_____What is the chemical formula for Cellular Respiration?

_____What environmental condition is necessary for Anaerobic Respiration to occur?

_____Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur in the mitochondria?

_____Where does Glycolysis occur in a cell?

_____ An anaerobic process in which CO₂ is released as a byproduct and ethanol is produced as a product.

_____Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the mitochondria?

_____ The gain of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A high-energy fuel molecule that begins the Citric Acid Cycle.

_____What condition is necessary of Aerobic Respiration to occur?

_____ A term referring to the absence of oxygen.

_____What compound is derived from B vitamins, and helps the Acetyl portion of Acetyl CoA into the Krebs Cycle?

_____What is the name of the molecule that channels protons, providing the energy necessary to phosphorylate ADP to ATP?

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP^âs that can be synthesized from 3 NADH molecules.

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP^âs that can be synthesized from a single FADH₂ molecule.

_____What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

_____What molecule is regenerated during the process of the Krebs Cycle?

_____What enzyme is used to catalyzed the reaction that occurs during the formation of Acetyl CoA?

_____How many pyruvates are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____How many Acetyl CoA molecules are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____What is the reduced form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide?

_____What is the oxidized form of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide?

42._____ A membrane protein that is used in conjunction with chemiosmosis to produced ATP.

I know that this alot of questions, but it's kinda a last ditch effort. these are the last 42 definitions i have left to answer out of 500 question for my final exam study guide. so whatever help i can get is fine. No explanations needed just what each definition is explaining and thanks in advance ladies and gentlemen.

scarletlocust623

3. In an aqueous environment, the phospholipids of a membrane____.

a) are arranged in a single layer

b) are arranged in a bilayer with the polar heads of each layerlocated at the surface

c) are arranged in a bilayer with the fatty acid tails locatedat the surface

d) are arranged in a bilayer but the phospholipids have nospecific orientation

e) dissolve

4. which of the following molecules demonstrate dual solubilitycharacteristics

a) sterols only

b) proteins only

c) phospholipids only

d) sterols and phospholipids

e) sterols, phospholipids, and proteins

5. The "mosaic" part of the fluid mosaic model refers to themembrane ____.

a) proteins

b) phospholipids

c) cholesterol

d) functions

e) layers

9. Transport of a molecule across a cell membrane by facilitateddiffusion ____.

a) does not exhibit specificity for a particular type ofmolecule

b) requires the input of energy

c) depends on a concentration gradient

d) goes against the concentration gradient

e) allows non-polar uncharged molecules to diffuse across amembrane

13. A transport system in which transport of an ion in onedirection provides the energy for active transport in the oppositedirection is known as ____.

a) primary active transport

b) active diffusion

c) secondary active transport

d) cotransport

e) osmosis

14. Cells undergo exocytosis ____.

a) to pump protons down a concentration gradient

b) when replicating

c) to secrete protein and wastes from the cell

d) to ingest nutrients

e) as a means of cellular protection

15. What is the molecular basis of familialhypercholestremia?

a) HDL enters cells using a specific receptor on the cellsurface

b) LDL enters cells using a specific receptor on the cellsurface

c) HDL exits cells using a specific receptor on the cellsurface

d) LDL exits cells using a specific receptor on the cellsurface

e) receptor-mediated exocytosis

16. Carrier molecules are utilized for ____.

a) active transport only

b) passive transport only

c) both active and passive transport

d) osmosis

e) transport of all types of molecules

17. All of the following are functions of integral membraneproteins EXCEPT ____.

a) transport of polar molecules

b) reception of chemical signals form other cells

c) cell division

d) recognition of other cells as being "like"

e) cell-cell binding

olivecod348

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