PSYB45H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 17: Reinforcement
6 Jul 2012
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Chapter 17 using punishment: time-out and response cost. Time-out is defined as the loss of access to positive reinforcers for a brief period contingent on the problem behavior. Whenever you use time-out (or any punishment), you should also use a differential reinforcement procedure time out decreases problem behavior, differential reinforcement increases an alternative behavior. Time-out is appropriate with social or tangible reinforcers. The time-in environment (the environment where the problem behavior occurs) must consist of positively reinforcing activities or interactions for timeout to be effective (time-in environment is positively reinforcing and time-out environment is not reinforcing or is less reinforcing) Time-out could negatively reinforce behaviors maintained by escape and is ineffective against behavior maintained by sensory stimulation. Contingent observation occurs when an individuals is removed from a reinforcing area and is forced to watch individuals act within the area before being allowed back into it.
