BIOA01H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Organism, Peptidoglycan, Mitochondrion

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15 Apr 2011

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Living things: all the organisms that descended from a single celled ancestor. Individuals in the population vary in inheritable characteristics. N certain versions of the characteristics lead to better survival or reproduction compared to other version. If certain traits lead to higher success in producing offspring, the trait becomes more common in the population over time: natural selection acts on individuals but evolutionary change on effect populations. Four nucleotides (c, g, t & a) are the building blocks of dna; repeating subunits. N dna is made of 2 strands of linked sequences of nucleotides; the information that is passed form parent to daughter cells. N genome sum total of all the dna in a cell. N all cells in a multicellular organism have the same genome. N a gene is made of s specific sequences of nucleotides (a part of dna); contains information for making proteins. N mutations are alterations in the nucleotide sequence.

Related Questions

One common misconception about evolution is that individual organisms evolve. It is true that natural selection acts on individuals: Each organism's traits affect its survival and reproductive success compared with those of other individuals. But the evolutionary impact of natural selection is only apparent in the changes in a population of organisms over time.

Using at least two examples, explain how the process of evolution is revealed by the imperfections of living things. Provide evidence based facts.

periwinkleshark456

Which statement about evolution by natural selection isfalse?

Natural selection allows organisms with higher fitness toreproduce more successfully.

Natural selection favors those traits that confer higherfitness in the environment.

Natural selection is a random change in characteristics of apopulation over generations.

Evolution by natural selection affects populations oforganisms, not individual organisms.

An organism's fitness depends on its _____.

ability to survive and reproduce

ability to swap genetic material with other organisms

physical size

ability to mutate

population

Consider the heavily armored stickleback fish population thatcolonized the lake. If all the individuals in that population weregenetically identical, what do you predict would happen when theycolonized the freshwater lake?

The population would increase, as it has increased foodresources.

The population would evolve through natural selection to bebetter adapted to its environment.

The population would decrease due to more juvenile fish beingeaten.

No answer text provided.

Which of the following are adaptations?

Thicker beaks on finches that allows them to eat large seeds,when large seeds are the most abundant.

Less armor on stickleback fish in freshwater that allows themto grow faster to avoid predation.

More armor on stickleback fish in the ocean that prevents themfrom being eaten by larger predators.

None of the above.

All of the above.

olivemink746

Evolution and Speciation

Define evolution. Why is it inaccurate for creationists to tout evolution as âjust a theoryâ? (Think about what theory actually means in scientific terms vs. the use of the word âtheoryâ in casual conversations).

Explain what the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium shows and describe the conditions necessary for the equilibrium to be maintained.

Explain what factors cause populations to diverge from the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium and how each factor causes the change.

Describe how species evolve via natural selection. (Be sure to discuss the key aspects of natural selection: variation, heredity differential survival and reproductive success in your answer).

What does speciation mean and how can it occur?

What does adaptation mean? Why is natural selection the only agent of evolutionary change that leads to adaptation? (Think about how natural selection works).

Is natural selection all powerful? Can it create any variation that you or I could think of? Why or why not?

Differentiate between natural and sexual selection.

What is reproductive isolation?

Describe prezygotic and postzygotic mechanisms of reproductive isolation and explain how they can contribute to speciation.

Distinguish between allopatric and sympatric speciation and explain how each leads to new species.

What is adaptive radiation?

Be able to read and interpret phylogenetic trees: be able to determine which species are most closely related to each other, what nodes represent, where common ancestors would be located, etc.

What are paraphyletic, polyphyletic and monophyletic groups within a phylogeny?

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BIOA01H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Organism, Peptidoglycan, Mitochondrion

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