GGR101H1 Lecture : GGR101H1F 20/09/12

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purplehedgehog879

22 Oct 2012

School

UTSG

Department

Geography and Planning

Course

GGR101H1

Professor

Tony Davis

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Document Summary

What are plate tectonics: used to be called continental drift . Tectonic & volcanic activity: continuous process; no beginning or end. Why does it happen: crust floating on the mantle, large convective currents flowing through the molten material. How long has it been going on: going on as long as the earth has had a crust 4 billion years, numerous agglomerations and dispersals of continental blocks. What are its impacts: changes global geography by agglomeration & dispersal of continental masses, changes global topography by mountain building, extends major control on global climate on a range of time scales. Controls global carbon cycle (earth"s greenhouse effect) C. influences atmospheric chemistry: also influence climate through atmospheric chemistry & transparency. Most connected to volcanic activity (to effects of individual eruptions & long term variations in intensity of global volcanism: n & s hemispheres have distinct biological differences nh more modern, sh more ancient elements. Ratites (emu, kiwi, ostrich, etc. , other flightless birds)

Related Questions

Original: Antarctica is roughly semicircular, with a radius of 2000km. The average thickness of its ice cover is 3000 m. How manycubic centimeters of ice does Antarctica contain? (Ignore thecurvature of the Earth)

Modified: #12 is also NOT about conversion factors. You are to meltthe Antarctic icecap linearly in 100 years due to global warmingand calculate the rate of rise of the world's oceans. Use areasonable factor for the land/ocean ratio and don't worry aboutsmall changes due to the ocean rise. However, assume that theworld's less affluent countries, particularly on the Indiansubcontinent, will suffer some serious problems if the rise issignificant. Assume 50 million people are distributed linearly atone million persons per foot of elevation rise. Calculate thenumber of persons displaced or killed by the rising oceans, byyear. Propose a solution to this problem, realizing you can't stopthe rise.

) Ion Rocket Engine. A special type of rocket engine useselectricity for propulsion: the ion engine. A soft metal, such ascesium, is vaporized and then electrified (ionized) with highvoltage. These cesium ions are the accelerated by strong electricfields to produce a current of atoms at high velocity. Outside theengine, the ions are then recombined with electrons to restoreelectrical neutrality.

A particular ion engine has an exhaust velocity of 20,000 m/sec.The mass flow (dm/dt) is just 1 milligram per second.

a) What is the thrust produced by this engine?

b) The engine propels a 200 kg spacecraft. What velocity change(delta-v) is achievable by running the engine continuously for onesolid year? (For simplicity, assume a constant mass for the system.One year = 31.56 million seconds.)
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) Potential Energy. How much work is required to lift one metricton (1000 kg) of water to an altitude of 1000 meters? (The Sun isdoing this all this time to the Earthâs weather.)
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q) Kinetic Energy 1. A car has a mass of 1200 kg. How much kineticenergy does it have when traveling at a speed of 30 m/sec?

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Kinetic Energy 2. The Space Shuttle orbits the Earth at a speed ofsome 7750 meters per second (which is about 260 times that of atypical highway driving speed). With a typical payload, the Shuttlehas a mass of 120,000 kg.

a) What is the kinetic energy of the Shuttle in orbit?
b) The Shuttle reaches orbit in some 500 seconds. At what rate ofwork (power) did the rocket engines perform on the Shuttle to placethe craft and its payload into orbit? Compare this to the maximumpower output of a typical nuclear electric generatingstation.
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Solar Power. In space, outside the atmosphere, some 1360 Watts ofradiant power pass through every square meter (at normalincidence).

a) What total amount of power does the Earth intercept from theSun? (The projected area of the Earth is ?RE2, where RE is theradius of the Earth, 6.38 million meters.)

b) Compare this figure to the total amount of power produced by allof human civilization, currently some 40 trillion (1012) Watts.What conclusions about solar power can you draw from thiscomparison?

q

-) Angular Momentum. Assuming a uniform distribution of mass insidethe Earth, calculate:

a) the Earthâs moment of inertia, I;
b) its angular momentum, L = omega(omega=2pi/T) the angularmomentum of the Moon in its orbit around the Earth (L = mvr).Compare these two values. (The sidereal period of the Moon is 27.3days; its mass is 1/81 of that of the Earth; its average orbitalradius is 383,000 km.)

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Q0 Water Pressure. Calculate the value of the water pressure at theChallenger Deep, the deepest known place on the surface of theEarth. The currently accepted depth of the water there is 10,911meters. (This is deep enough to cover Mount Everest, and still havemore than one mile of water above the peak. On January 23, 1960,Swiss explorer Jacques Piccard and US Navy Lieutenant Don Walshbecame the first, and so far, the only people ever to visit thisremote place, descending in the Italian-built bathyscaphTrieste.)

q-8
Mass of Earthâs Atmosphere. The pressure of the Earthâs atmosphereat sea level is 101,300 Pascals (Newtons per square meter.) Thismeans that every square meter of Earthâs surface supports a weightof 101,300 Newtons. From this, determine the mass of Earthâsatmosphere. What fraction of the Earthâs total mass is this?

1. If a car's wheels are replaced with wheels of greater diameter,will the reading of the speedometer change? Explain.

2. Weightlessness in space is known to have harmful effects on thebodies of people in space. To set up inhabitants (people) in space,it has been suggested that rotating cylinders about 10 miles longand 5 miles in diameter be placed in space. The purpose of theirrotation is to simulate gravity for the people so they have weight.Explain how this is possible?
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Please use DragMath to submit the solutions to problems No. 5 and 6of Activity 9A on page 129 of Bendall & Howison.
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1. Why do the string instruments go flat (lower frequencies) andthe wind instruments go sharp (higher frequencies) during aperformance if an orchestra doesn't warm up beforehand?
2. If you were carrying a fish tank filled with water, what willhappen if your walking frequency matches the natural frequency ofthe water in the tank?
Good luck with these questions. I look forward to a heartydiscussion by Friday this week.
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1. Household circuits are always wired so that the electricaldevices are connected in parallel. Why is this so?
2. How are circuit breakers connected in the household circuits(series or parallel)? What is the use of a circuit breaker? Why isit more advantageous to use a circuit breaker compared to using afuse?
Hope to hear your answers soon.
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Mathematical Question:
Try the question on capacitors Activity 14C no. 3. You can useDragmath to submit your solution. If you are scanning your answersand uploading a file, please keep its size small.
Challenge Question:
A fully charged parallel-plate capacitor remains connected to abattery while you slide a dielectric between the plates. Do thefollowing quantities increase, decrease, or stay the same? (a)capacitance, C (b) charge, Q (c) electric field, E between theplates, (d) change in voltage, V (e) energy stored in thecapacitor.
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Twisted wires: In electrical circuits, it is often the case thatinsulated wires carrying currents in opposite directions aretwisted together. What is the advantage in doing this?
Have a go; looking forward to some interesting replies.
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Metal detectors in airports: When you walk through the doorway ofan airport metal detector, you are really walking through a coil ofmany turns, i.e. an inductor connected to a resonant circuit tunedto the resonant frequency when there is no metal in the inductor.So how does this circuit detect any metal that is in your pocketwhen you walk through the metal detector?
Looking forward to your replies.
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GGR101H1 Lecture : GGR101H1F 20/09/12

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