PHA3112- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 54 pages long!)

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Pharmacology
• Course: PHA 3112
• Professor: Frank Feiner

Document Summary

Infectious disease drugs widely used: 30% all hospitalized pts: modern antimicrobial agents discovered 1930-40s, able to fight more infections, m&m decrease. In spite of continued progress/ newer drugs needed: some organisms impervious, evolving microbial resistance, drug toxicity, classification of organism, aerobic/ anaerobic: (cid:396)e(cid:395)ui(cid:396)es/ does(cid:374)(cid:859)t (cid:374)eed o2 to su(cid:396)(cid:448)i(cid:448)e & g(cid:396)o(cid:449, shape, gram stain. Kill small range of microbes, or large range of microbes. Narrow spectrum: active against only a few species of microorganisms. Drug classification: mechanism of action: selective toxicity: drug injures target organism, not host (us) Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis/activate enzyme that disrupt cell wall (ex. penicillins, cephalosporins) Inactivation of drug via drug-metabolizing enzymes: alteration of target of drug(cid:859)s action, produce antagonists: interfere w/ drug, all result from changes in bacterial dna, each offspring might be different. Antibiotics promote resistance **: a(cid:374)ti(cid:271)ioti(cid:272)s (cid:374)ot (cid:373)utage(cid:374)i(cid:272): do(cid:374)(cid:859)t (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ge (cid:271)a(cid:272)te(cid:396)ial dna, allow overgrowth of microbe mutants that (by sheer chance) have acquired resistance, antibiotics promote drug-resistant organisms.