CHEM 110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Molecular Orbital Theory, Orbital Hybridisation, Trigonal Planar Molecular Geometry

• School: McGill University
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHEM 110
• Professor: Laura Pavelka

Document Summary

Form new orbitals whose spatial orientations do match observed molecular shapes. Hybridization: process of orbital mixing ---new atomic orbitals called hybrid orbitals. Process in which atomic orbitals mix, hybrid orbitals form and overlap other orbitals, and electrons enter overlap region with opposing spins thus forming stable bonds: features of hybrid orbitals: Number of hybrid orbitals formed = number atomic orbitals mixed. Type of hybrid orbitals formed varies with types of atomic orbitals mixed (name given to hybrid orbitals indicates which and how many atomic orbitals were mixed) Shape hybrid orbitals (one small and one large lobe) differs from shape of atomic orbitals. Four bonds in methane equivalent so c atom uses four similar hybrid orbitals (each with 1 electron) to bond to h atoms. Modes of orbital overlap and types of covalent bonds: orbitals can overlap by two modes (end to end or side to side), which gives rise to 2 types of covalent bonds ( and )