PHAR 100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Chloral Hydrate, Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome, Depressant

• School: Queen's University
• Department: Pharmacology and Toxicology
• Course: PHAR 100
• Professor: Bill Racz

Document Summary

State the mechanisms of action of benzodiazepines and barbiturates. List the therapeutic uses and the rationale for the clinical use of benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Describe the response to barbiturates and benzodiazepines at various doses and duration of use. Describe the dependence liability for benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Describe the withdrawal syndrome associated with barbiturate dependence. Sedative-hypnotic agents are central nervous system depressants dose dependent ranging from antianxiety effects, sedation, hypnosis (sleep), general anesthesia and death. Bromides, were the first agents clinically introduced (mid 19th century: bromides are eliminated slowly from the body and can cause a drug accumulated condition referred to as bromism (mental and neurological aberrations, skin rash and gastrointestinal disturbances) Chloral hydrate and paraldehyde were recently thereafter introduced, slightly safer. 1950"s meprobamate and glutethimide were overly used. 1961 era of the benzodiazepines, initiated by chlordiazepoxide; these drugs are still widely used today. Sedative reduce sensory-motor function, reduce tension (benzodiazepines)