BLG 10A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 27: Human Genome Project, Chromosome Segregation, Medical Genetics
Document Summary
Genetics study of heredity - genes being passed to offspring. Human genome project completed in 2003 99% of the genes in human chromosomes have been. Human genome = diploid genetic makeup: 23 pairs (2 n) of homologous(look the same) chromosomes one from the father and one from the mother. Autosomes (22 pairs) contain genes for most traits. Sex chromosomes x and y chromosomes - determine genetic sex (xy = male; xx = female: diploid= 2n chromosomes ( undergoing mitosis, haploid= sperm and oocyte (n undergoing meiosis) Ie: trisomy 21 -- inherit 3 chromosome 21. Genomic medicine = genetic approach to diagnosis and management of disease: genes: codes for a specific protein. Genotype = genes an organism has for a given trait- actual genes that organism has for a given trait. Mendelian genetics - genes occur in dominant and recessive forms: alleles = alternate forms of a gene ( everyone gets 2 alleles- one from the mother and from the father.