PAT 20A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 34: Acute Kidney Injury, Renal Replacement Therapy, Acute Tubular Necrosis
13 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Chapter 34: acute renal injury and chronic kidney disease. A syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function sufficient to increase blood levels of nitrogenous wastes and impair fluid and electrolyte balance. Hallmark signs and symptoms of aki include; azotemia (increased nitrogenous waste in the blood), and decrease in gfr which leads to reduced excretion of waste and an electrolyte imbalance. Causes include; conditions that produce an acute decrease/cessation of renal function, decreased blood flow to the kidneys, disruption of kidney structures, disorders interfering with elimination of urine. Reversible if treated before any damage occurs. Older adults are at risk because of predisposition of hypovolemia and their high prevalence pf renal vascular disorders. Conditions that cause damage to structures within the kidney: glomerular, tubular, interstitium, blood vessels. Most common: ischemia associated with pre-renal injury, toxic insult to the tubular structures of the nephron and intra-tubular obstruction; e,g. acute tubular necrosis (atn)
