SOC 103 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Differential Association, Travis Hirschi, Edwin Sutherland

• School: Ryerson University
• Department: Sociology
• Course: SOC 103
• Professor: Sal Guzzo

Document Summary

Social control systematic practices developed by social groups to encourage conformity and discourage deviances. One form is socialization where individuals internalize societal norms and values. A second use of negative sanctions to punish rule-breakers and nonconforming acts. Deviance any behaviour, belief, or condition that violates cultural norms of the society or group in which it occurs. Crime an act that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail terms, and other sanctions. Strain theory: goals and the means to achieve them (robert merton) Strain theory the proposition that people feel strain when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally approved means of achieving these goals. Opportunity theory: access to illegitimate opportunities (richard cloward & lloyd ohlin) Illegitimate opportunity structures circumstances that provide an opportunity for people to acquire through illegitimate activities what they cannot achieve through legitimate channels.