BPK 105 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2.3, 2.4, 2.5: Covalent Bond, Monosaccharide, Organic Compound
27 Apr 2018
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Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life - 2.3, 2.4, 2.5
2.3 - Acids and Bases
● acid = proton donor (release H ions in water)
● base = proton acceptor
● neutral. pH = 7.0
● acidic. pH < 70
● basic. pH > 7.0
● change in one unit on pH scale = 10 fold change in the H+ concentration.
● Normal pH range for human blood: 7.35-7.45
● Salt: compound consisting of positive ion (other than H+) and negative ion (other than
OH-)
●Buffers: chemical that resists changes in pH when acid or base is added to a solution
containing the buffer.
● normal body fluid pH maintained through use of buffers
2.4 - Inorganic Molecules
● do not contain carbon
● exceptions: CO2 + CO = inorganic
● O2. 21% of gas in atm. Humans require O2 in final step of a series of chemical reactions
in which energy is extracted from food molecules.
● CaPO4 = make up bones, iron required for hemoglobin
● CO2. produced when food molecules are metabolized within cells of the body.
● then transferred to lungs by blood, exhaled during respiration.
● H2O functions:
●Stabilizing body temp. heat energy causes movement of water molecules + disruption
of hydrogen bonds
● water can absorb lots of heat + remain at stable temp
● blood is mostly water
●providing protection. water = effective lubricant
● tears protect surface of eye from rubbing eyelids
● water forms cushion around organs, protects them from damage
●facilitating chemical reactions. Most chemical reactions necessary for life take place
when reacting molecules are dissolved in water.
●transporting substances. substances move as water moves.
2.5 - Organic Molecules
●4 major groups essential to life: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
●Carbohydrates: include C, H, O
● smallest carbohydrates = monosaccharides = simple sugars
● ex. glucose, fructose. both important monosaccharide energy sources for many of body’s
cells
● Disaccharides = two monosaccharides joined by covalent bond
Document Summary
Chapter 2: the chemical basis of life - 2. 3, 2. 4, 2. 5. Acid = proton donor (release h ions in water) Change in one unit on ph scale = 10 fold change in the h+ concentration. Normal ph range for human blood: 7. 35-7. 45. Salt: compound consisting of positive ion (other than h+) and negative ion (other than. Buffers : chemical that resists changes in ph when acid or base is added to a solution. Normal body fluid ph maintained through use of buffers containing the buffer. Humans require o2 in final step of a series of chemical reactions in which energy is extracted from food molecules. of hydrogen bonds. Capo4 = make up bones, iron required for hemoglobin. Co2. produced when food molecules are metabolized within cells of the body. Then transferred to lungs by blood, exhaled during respiration. Stabilizing body temp. heat energy causes movement of water molecules + disruption.
