NUTR 2050 Chapter 5: Chapter 5.docx

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aquamarinesquirrel747

10 Apr 2012

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High c-reactive protein levels (a key marker of inflamation) High blood levels of total cholesterol, ldl cholesterol, and triglycerides. >excess body fat alters many metabolic processes and influences the development of two of theof the clinical conditions presented in this chapter. > obesity prior to pregnancy is associated with higher rates of gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. >unfavourable metabolic changes initiated by excessive body fat: 70% of obese persons and 23% of normal weight persons have 2 or more of these which increase disease risk. >visceral fat lies beneath skin and muscles of the abdomen, much more strongly related to disease risk. > increased prevalence of gestational diabetes, and hypertension during pregnancy due to higher rates of obesity, 28. 4% of woman 20-34 in the us are obese compared to 10% in 1980 moms obesity and infant outcomes. >stillbirths, large for gestational newborns, and c section delivery higher in obese women.

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	a.	drink more than 4 alcoholic beverages per day
	b.	have undergone bariatric surgery
	c.	are carrying triplets
	d.	have gestational diabetes
	e.	are at risk for preeclampsia

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QUESTION 30

	a.	200
	b.	300
	c.	100
	d.	500
	e.	650

The increased need for energy in pregnancy averages _____ kcal/day.

	a.	calcium and vitamin D
	b.	fish oils and vitamin E
	c.	calcium and folic acid
	d.	vitamins C and E
	e.	calcium and magnesium

Which nutrients appear to reduce or prevent preeclampsia?

	a.	nutrients and gas
	b.	blood only
	c.	blood and nutrients
	d.	nutrients only
	e.	gas only

The placenta transports _____ between the mother and fetus.

	a.	chronic inflammation and oxidative stress only
	b.	chronic inflammation only
	c.	chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and damage to the endothelium of blood vessels
	d.	oxidative stress only
	e.	damage to the endothelium of blood vessels only

All forms of hypertension in pregnancy are related to _____.

	a.	an adolescent pregnancy complication
	b.	multifetal pregnancy
	c.	AIDS/HIV
	d.	a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy
	e.	gestational diabetes

A worldwide leading cause of maternal mortality is _____.

	a.	pregnancy anorexia
	b.	pregorexia
	c.	pregulemia
	d.	pregnancy-related food deficit
	e.	pregnancy fasting

The term used in the healthcare field to discuss pregnant women with eating disorders is _____.

The risk for developing preeclampsia is higher in women who were born large for gestational age.

True
False

	a.	niacin
	b.	iron
	c.	zinc
	d.	potassium
	e.	magnesium

With the possible exception of _____, nutrient needs during pregnancy should be met by the consumption of a well-balanced and adequate diet.

	a.	glucose
	b.	fatty acid
	c.	cholesterol
	d.	fiber
	e.	protein

The preferred source of fuel for the fetus is _____.

In terms of heart disease risk, which of the following is true?

A. As LDL cholesterol levels increase there is a decreased risk.

B. As HDL cholesterol levels increase there is an increased risk.

C. As LDL cholesterol levels increase there is an increased risk.

D. As HDL cholesterol levels decrease there is a decreased risk

aquamarineoyster912

Insulin is released frompancreatic b cellswhen blood glucose levels increase and glucagon isreleased from pancreatic a cells when blood glucose levelsdecrease. Blood glucose concentration is tightly controlled and atthe basic level it appears that glucose binds toGLUT2 receptors on b cells increasing the concentrationof ATP because of the increased concentration of glucose in thesecells. The increase in ATP decreases potassium concentrations and calcium channels are opened leading toinsulin secretion. There are, however, a number of otherinsulin/glucagon regulators such as amino acids,catecholamines, insulin, neurotransmitters and free fattyacids. Consequently the search for causes of obesity requirescareful focus and much of current research focuses on GProtein Coupled Receptors.Which of thefollowing is not of special interest to those studying GPCR andtheir involvement in diabetes andobesity?

a. allelic (SNP)differences in the extracellular domain of GPCRs between obese andcontrols

b. classes ofGPCRs found in target tissues thought to be associated withobesity

c.a subunits associated withG proteins in tissues thought to be associated withobesity

d. the role ofuncoupling mitochondrial membrane proteins in targettissues

e. the binding ofmolecules other than glucose to GPCRs on target tissues

mauvesardine200

NUTR 2050 Chapter 5: Chapter 5.docx

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