PHIL 2120 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Deductive Reasoning, Abductive Reasoning, Ad Hominem
Document Summary
Opening statement - thinking critically: thinking carefully and correctly, is the main thing you are going to learn, with regards to thinking about ethics: in reasoning mind actively connects thought with respect to specific aim. The result of the activity is called inference or argument. The mind actively infers connections between logical points in order to make arguments regarding a certain claim. Or: a series/body of evidence is used to confirm a final claim surrounding an issue: arguments are presented as persuasion builders, as a reasoned attempt to justify a conclusion. Arguers expect the listeners to accept the argument afterwards because their premises are true, and are logically connected. Arguments have indicator words, either before or after the concluding statements. Conclusive argument indicator words: conclusion, premise, supported, not supported, hence, therefore, thus, as we can see. Premise argument indicator words: because, in so far, given.
