PSYC 2740 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Unconditional Positive Regard, Thematic Apperception Test, Fraternities And Sororities
6 Jul 2018
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PSYC 2470: Personality Psychology
Chapter 11: Motives and Personality
Basic Concepts
Motives: internal states that arouse and direct behaviour toward specific objects or goals
oCaused by a deficit (lack of something)
oDiffer in intensity
oBased on needs
States of tension within a person (when satisfied, tension is reduced)
Motive psychologists argue that
oPeople differ from one another in type and strength of motives
oDifferences are measureable
oDifferences cause or are associated with important life outcomes
oDifferences are stable over time
oMotives may answer why people do what they do
Need
Murray
Need is a potentiality or readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given circumstances
oInfluence perception
Needs (states of tension) that we seek to satisfy by the process of reducing tension
Some people seek to increase tension in order to be satisfied by the tension reducing process
Fundamental human needs
oA specific desire or intention
oA particular set of emotions
oSpecific action tendencies
Hierarchy of needs: individuals needs can be looked at according to different levels of strength. Each
need interacts with the various other needs within each person
Dynamic: mutual influence of forces within a person (interaction of various motives within a person)
Table 11.1 pg.331
oAmbition needs
Achievement
Exhibition
Order
oNeeds to defend status
Dominance
oNeeds related to social power
Abasement
Aggression
Autonomy
Blame-avoidance
oSocial affection needs
Affiliation
Nurturance
Succor
Press
Elements in the environment affect a persons needs
Press: need-relevant aspects of the environment
Alpha press: real environment or objective reality
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Document Summary
Motives: internal states that arouse and direct behaviour toward specific objects or goals: caused by a deficit (lack of something, differ in intensity, based on needs. States of tension within a person (when satisfied, tension is reduced) Need is a potentiality or readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given circumstances o. Needs (states of tension) that we seek to satisfy by the process of reducing tension. Some people seek to increase tension in order to be satisfied by the tension reducing process. Fundamental human needs: a specific desire or intention, a particular set of emotions, specific action tendencies. Hierarchy of needs: individuals needs can be looked at according to different levels of strength. Each need interacts with the various other needs within each person. Dynamic: mutual influence of forces within a person (interaction of various motives within a person) Elements in the environment affect a persons needs. Alpha press: real environment or objective reality.
