PSYA01H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6.2: Operant Conditioning, Classical Conditioning, Reinforcement
Document Summary
Natural to think reinforcement and punishment as something added to situation. Both reinforcement and punishment can be accomplished by removing stimulus. Actively doing something to avoid/avert negative stimulus. Neuroimaging shows that it displays similar reaction as positive reinforcement. Joordens: escape learning: a response removes stimulus that"s already present. Using an umbrella to prevent being rained on. Decreases response grounding (since it away takes privileges: primary & secondary reinforcers. Primary reinforcers: consist of reinforcing stimuli that satisfy basic motivational needs (need that affect an individual"s ability to survive: food, water, shelter, and sexual contact. Secondary reinforcers: consist of stimuli that acquire their reinforcing only after we learn that they have value: money & praise, don"t directly influence survival-related behaviours. Nucleus accumbens is activated during the processing of rewards: dopamine is released, reinforcing new reward-producing behaviours so that they can be performed again.
