PSYB30H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Ego Psychology, Identity Crisis
Psychoanalytic,Approaches:,Contemporary,Issues
The,Intrapsychic,Domain,
The,Neo-Analytic,Movement,
Westen&→ one&of&the&most&active&proponents&of&contemporary&psychoanalysis&
•
Focus&their&attention&on&childhood&relationships&and&adult&conflicts&with&others&
Example:&difficulties&becoming&intimate&or&readily&becoming&intimate&w&the&wrong&kinds&of&persons&
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•
Westen defines&contemporary&psychoanalysis&as&being&based&on:&
Unconscious&still&plays&large&role&in&life&
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Behavior&often&reflects&compromises&in&conflicts&among&mental&processes&à in&motivations,&emotions,&and&thoughts&
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Childhood&plays&important&part&in&personality&development&
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Mental&representations&of&self&and&relationships&guide&our&interactions&w/&others&
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Personality&development&involves&moving&from&immature,&socially&dependent&way&of&relating&to&other&to&a&mature,&independent&
relationship&style
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•
Repression&and&Contemporary&Research&on&Memory&
False&memories&syndrome&(FMS)&假記憶體症候群
Ppl&who&suddenly&recover&memories&of&important&events&and&they&turn&out&to&be&false,&inaccurate&accounts&
One&factor&that&influences&ppl&to&have&false&memories&is&popular,press,
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Another&factor&is&the&behaviour&of&some&therapists&&
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§
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Imagination&inflation&想像膨脹
Occurs&when&a&memory&is&elaborated&upon&through&imagination,&leading&person&to&confuse&the&imagined&event&with&
events&that&actually&happened&
§
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Confirmatory&bias&確認偏誤
Tendency&to&look&only&for&evidence&that&confirms&their&previous&hunch&and&to¬&look&for&evidence&that&might&disconfirm&
their&belief&
§
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•
Contemporary&Views&on&the&Unconscious&
Idea&of&unconsciour&Motivation&潛意識動機
The&hidden&anf&unknown&desires&that&are&the&real&reasons&for&things&that&ppl&do
§
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Ppl&are&often&unaware&of&the&causes&of&their&own&behaviour&
Experiment&shows&fundamental&dissociation&b/w&conscious&awareness&and&mental&processes&responsible&for&one’s&
behaviour&
§
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Cognitive&unconscious&view&
Readily&acknowledge&that&info&can&get&into&our&memories&w/o&our&ever&being&aware&of&the&info&
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Subliminal&perception/implicit&perception&下意識知覺/隱性知覺
Any&information&you&receive&from&your&senses&that&you&are¬&consciously&aware&of&happening.
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Some&info&is&flashed&on&screen&so&quickly&that&you&don’t&recognize&the&actual&words&
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Primes&associated&material&in&memory
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§
Priming&→ makes&associated&material&more&accessible&to&conscious&awareness&than&is&material&that’s¬&primed&
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Ego,Psychology,
Id&psychology&→ how&the&ego&and&superego&respond&to&the&demands&of&the&id&
Freudian&psychoanalysis&
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•
Freud’s&student&→Erik&Erikson&
Emphasized&that&ego&as&powerful,&independent&part&of&personality&
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Established&ego&psychology&
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Establishing&a&secure&identity&is&primary&function&of&the&ego&
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Identity&→inner&sense&of&who&we&are,&feeling&of&wholeness,&continuity
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Identity&crisis&→desperation&and&confusion&person&feels&when&he/she&has¬&developed&a&strong&sense&of&identity&
Common&during&adolescence&
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•
Erikson’s&Eight&Stages&of&Development
Erikson&believed&that&the&crises&were&of&a&social&nature&
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Psychosocial&conflicts&
Each&stage&represented&a&conflict&→ developmental&crisis&that&needed&to&be&resolved
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Trust&vs.&Mistrust
Children&are&completely&dependent&on&those&around&them&
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If&children&are&well&taken&care&of,&and&needs&are&met&→ forms&basis&of&future&relationships;&children&growing&up&believing&other&ppl&
are&approachable,&trustable,&etc&
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If¬&met&→ may&develop&a&lifelong&pattern&of&mistrust&in&others
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Autonomy&vs.&Shame&and&Doubt&&
Children&begin&experimenting&with&their&new&abilities&
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Develops&self&confidence&and&sense&of&autonomy&that&lets&child&explore&and&learn&
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If&parents&inhibit&such&autonomy&(being&strict,&restrictive)&when&child&is&being&independent&→ child&may&feel&shame&and&doubt&over&
goals&he/she&is&contemplating&
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Initiative&vs.&Inferiority&
Children&imitate&adults&→ dressing&like&an&adult,&playing&adults,&acting&as&adults&
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If&all&goes&well&→ develop&a&sense&of&initiative;&translates&into&ambition&and&goal&seeking&
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客體關係理論
認為早期幼兒 與母親建⽴的關係模式，將會反映到⽇後的⼈際關係型態。
客體關係是指⼀個⼈內在精神的⼈際關係型態模式，其核⼼概念是相信⼈最終的⽬的是為了和另⼀個⼈保持關係，⽽非尋求滿⾜。
全依戀
不安全依戀; 迴避型
不安全依戀; 反抗型
Lec 6 - Chap 10 0226 (P413~449)
Document Summary
Westen one of the most active proponents of contemporary psychoanalysis. Focus their attention on childhood relationships and adult conflicts with others. Example: difficulties becoming intimate or readily becoming intimate w the wrong kinds of persons. Westen defines contemporary psychoanalysis as being based on: Behavior often reflects compromises in conflicts among mental processes in motivations, emotions, and thoughts. Mental representations of self and relationships guide our interactions w/ others. Personality development involves moving from immature, socially dependent way of relating to other to a mature, independent relationship style. Ppl who suddenly recover memories of important events and they turn out to be false, inaccurate accounts. One factor that influences ppl to have false memories is popular press. Another factor is the behaviour of some therapists. Occurs when a memory is elaborated upon through imagination, leading person to confuse the imagined event with events that actually happened.
