ADMS 4900 Chapter 12: ADMS 4900 Chapter 12 Summary

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turquoiseherring192

25 Mar 2018

School

York University

Department

Administrative Studies

Course

ADMS 4900

Professor

John Spano

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Document Summary

Although innovation in the organization is mandatory for success, there are many. To achieve success in an organization, innovation is immensely important. Innovation is the result of using new knowledge to gain a competitive advantage by creating products and services that are in demand. With the use of technology, innovation is easily available by creating or changing something. For example, with the use of technology, uber took something that was already in the market (taxi) and made it more adaptable and user friendly. The text goes on to example types of innovation such as process and product innovation. Product innovation refers to efforts to create product designs to develop new products for end users. This is associated with a differentiation strategy providing different and unique features. On the other hand, process innovation is improving the efficiency of an organizational process. This includes improving materials used and increasing quality during the process.

Related Questions

Please answer the question after reading the paragraph.

We have a global health challenge in our hands today, and that is that the way we currently discover and develop new drugs is too costly, takes far too long, and it fails more often than it succeeds. It really just isn't working, and that means that patients that badly need new therapies are not getting them, and diseases are going untreated. We seem to be spending more and more money. So for every billion dollars we spend in R&D, we're getting less drugs approved into the market. More money, less drugs. Now we have a whole pipeline of different organ chips that we are currently working on in our labs. Now, the true power of this technology, however, really comes from the fact that we can fluidically link them. There's fluid flowing across these cells, so we can begin to interconnect multiple different chips together to form what we call a virtual human on a chip. Now we're really getting excited.We're not going to ever recreate a whole human in these chips, but what our goal is is to be able to recreate sufficient functionality so that we can make better predictions of what's going to happen in humans. For example, now we can begin to explore what happens when we put a drug like an aerosol drug. Those of you like me who have asthma, when you take your inhaler, we can explore how that drug comes into your lungs, how it enters the body, how it might affect, say, your heart. Does it change the beating of your heart? Does it have a toxicity? Does it get cleared by the liver? Is it metabolized in the liver? Is it excreted in your kidneys? We can begin to study the dynamic response of the body to a drug. Organs on chips could also change the way we do clinical trials in the future. Right now, the average participant in a clinical trial is that: average. Tends to be middle aged, tends to be female. You won't find many clinical trials in which children are involved, yet every day, we give children medications, and the only safety data we have on that drug is one that we obtained from adults. Children are not adults. They may not respond in the same way adults do. There are other things like genetic differences in populations that may lead to at-risk populations that are at risk of having an adverse drug reaction. Now imagine if we could take cells from all those different populations, put them on chips, and create populations on a chip. This could really change the way we do clinical trials. And this is the team and the people that are doing this. We have engineers, we have cell biologists, we have clinicians, all working together. We're really seeing something quite incredible at the Wyss Institute. It's really a convergence of disciplines, where biology is influencing the way we design, the way we engineer, the way we build. It's pretty exciting.

Question: For years, technology and medicine have joined together to pave the way or even solve some of the worldâs greatest issues in healthcare. These issues include but are not limited to incurable diseases and disorders like AIDS and cancer. According to Geraldine Hamilton however, we as a population are spending too much money to develop drugs and solutions to these issues, only to be at a deficit with the drugs actually produced. She believes that one of the keys is how we test these drugs and finding more efficient ways to do so. As a result, she suggests the use of organs on chips, an innovation created and pioneered by her lab. The use of organs on chips could change the way new drugs are released and tested, thus possibly furthering the process of creating solutions to healthcareâs problems. Where is the fine line between technology and human innovation? Is human innovation gradually becoming depending on technology? (At least two paragraphs, a paragraph is at least 5 sentences long.)

Question 1

Identify the item below that is not one of the four different types of data processing activities.

		deleting
		reading
		creating
		using

Question 2

All of the following are advantages of an ERP system except

		ERPs permit manufacturing plants to receive new orders in real time.
		in an ERP, data input is captured or keyed once.
		it takes considerable experience and training to use an ERP system effectively.
		ERPs permit management to gain greater visibility into every area of the enterprise.

Question 3

Sam Jones has been the controller of Downtown Tires for 25 years. Ownership of the firm recently changed hands and the new owners are conducting an audit of the financial records. The audit has been unable to reproduce financial reports that were prepared by Sam. While there is no evidence of wrongdoing, the auditors are concerned that the discrepancies might contribute to poor decisions. Which of the following characteristics of useful information is absent in the situation described above?

		relevant
		reliable
		complete
		timely
		understandable
		verifiable
		accessible

Question 4

An ERP system might facilitate the purchase of direct materials by all of the following except

		preparing a purchase order when inventory falls to reorder point.
		routing a purchase order to a purchasing agent for approval.
		communicating a purchase order to a supplier.
		selecting the best supplier by comparing bids.

Question 5

Antia Carmie is the largest collector and retailer of Japanese fans in the St. Louis area. Antia uses computer technology to provide superior customer service. The store's database system was designed to make detailed information about each Japanese fan easily accessible to her customers. Accordingly, the fan price and condition are provided for each fan, along with many pictures of each fan. In Antia's database, the price of the Japanese fans is a(n)

		entity.
		attribute.
		field.
		record.

Question 6

Which of the following is not considered a source document?

		A copy of the company's shipping document.
		A copy of the company's ledger.
		A copy of the company's sales journal.
		A copy of the company's financial statements.

Question 7

In an ERP system, the module used to record data about transactions in the disbursement cycle is called

		financial.
		order to cash.
		customer relationship management.
		purchase to pay.

Question 8

Baggins Incorporated identifies new product development and product improvement as the top corporate goals. An employee developed an innovation that will correct a shortcoming in one of the company's products. Although Baggins current Return on Investment (ROI) is 12%, the product innovation is expected to generate ROI of only 10%. As a result, awarding bonuses to employees based on ROI resulted in

		goal conflict.
		information overload.
		decreased value of information.
		goal congruence.

Question 9

________ are examples of activities that constitute inbound logistics.

		Activities that transform inputs into final products or services
		Activities that provide post-sale support to customers
		Activities that consist of receiving, storing, and distributing the materials used as inputs by the organization to create goods and/or services it sells
		Activities that help customers to buy the organization's products or services

Question 10

In which transaction cycle would information for inventory purchases be most likely to pass between internal and external accounting information systems?

		the revenue cycle
		the expenditure cycle
		the human resources / payroll cycle
		the financing cycle

Question 11

The collection of customer payment is part of which transaction cycle?

		the human resources cycle
		the production cycle
		the revenue cycle
		the expenditure cycle

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of source data automation?

		POS (point-of-sale) scanners in retail stores
		a bill of lading
		a subsidiary ledger
		a utility bill

Question 13

All of the following are guidelines for developing a good coding system except

		be as sophisticated as possible to promote usage.
		be consistent with its intended use.
		be flexible to allow for growth.
		be consistent with the company's organization structure.

Question 14

What is a key decision that needs to be made with regards to borrowing money from lenders?

		the location
		pro forma income statement
		how much capital to acquire
		job descriptions

Question 15

Identify the false statement below.

		A service company does not have an inventory system.
		Retail stores do not have a production cycle.
		Financial institutions have installment-loan cycles.
		Every organization should implement every transaction cycle module.

Question 16

The chart of accounts of a fast-food restaurant would probably include

		a list of customers.
		a list of financial statement accounts.
		a list of vendors.
		a list of employees.

Question 17

Which statement below regarding the AIS is false?

		Traditionally, most AIS have been designed so that both financial and operational data are stored in a manner that facilitates their integration in reports.
		The AIS must be able to provide managers with detailed and operational information about the organization's performance.
		Both traditional financial measures and operational data are required for proper and complete evaluation of performance.
		The AIS was often just one of the information systems used by an organization to collect and process financial and nonfinancial data.

Question 18

In Petaluma, California, electric power is provided to consumers by Pacific Power. Each month Pacific Power mails bills to 186,000 households and then processes payments as they are received. What is the best way for this business to ensure that payment data entry is efficient and accurate?

		well-designed paper forms
		turnaround documents
		source data automation
		sequentially numbered bills

Question 19

Data must be converted into information to be considered useful and meaningful for decision making. There are seven characteristics that make information both useful and meaningful. If the same information can be reproduced by two independent and knowledgeable people, it is representative of the characteristic of

		verifiability.
		truthful.
		relevance.
		reliability.

Question 20

		entity.
		attribute.
		field.
		record.

lilaccod491

7. If a survey is to be conducted to determine businessesâselection criterion for choosing PC and network communicationsproducts, which survey method should be used and why?

8. Design a questionnaire for determining businessesâ selectioncriterion for choosing PC and network communications products.

INTEL: Building Blocks Inside Out

The Intel Corporation (www.intel.com) was founded in 1968 tobuild semiconductor memory products. It introduced the worldâsfirst microprocessor in 1971. Microprocessors, also referred to ascentral processing units (CPUs), often are described as the âbrainâof a computer. Today, Intel supplies the building blocks for thecomputing and communications industries worldwide. These buildingblocks include chips, boards, systems, and software, and they areused in computers, servers, and networking/communications products.Most of Intelâs customers fall into two separate groups: theoriginal equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and the PC and networkcommunications products users. The OEMs manufacture computersystems, cellular handsets and handheld computing devices,telecommunications and networking communications equipment, andperipherals. The PC and network communications products usersinclude individuals, large and small businesses, and serviceproviders, who buy Intelâs PC enhancements, networking products,and business communications products through reseller, retail,e-business, and OEM channels. Intel is an increasingly globalcompany. Only 35 percent of its revenues are from North America,whereas Asia and Europe comprise 31 percent and 25 percent,respectively. Revenues for fiscal year 2010 amounted to $43.62billion. Intel has shown phenomenal growth as a company. Much ofIntelâs success can be attributed to innovation within itsmarketing department. This innovation was required to overcomeseveral obstacles. The main problem Intel faced was trying to sellan ingredient brand, which is a component of a larger product.Thus, the difficulty is in reaching consumers that will never seeyour product and might not even know what it does or why it isthere. Intel began marketing research in the 1980s because it washaving difficulty with its customers not upgrading from the 286 tothe 386 microprocessor. Marketing research showed that this was dueto a lack of customer awareness, and Intel set out to change that.It conducted a small but effective advertising campaign. In fact,in the process it realized that it had inadvertently created abrand in Intel. Because of the success of this small campaign,Intel began to realize the importance of marketing and marketingresearch and started to focus more effort and money on these areas.Marketing research revealed that in order to be effective in itsoverall marketing campaign, Intel would have to reach the consumersand convince them that what was inside the computer was asimportant as what was on the outside. This became the key elementof the âIntel Insideâ campaign conducted during the early 1990s.This slogan helped Intel put a name with its products, and ithelped it encompass several of its products under one title.Furthermore, marketing research showed that it would be mosteffective to cross-market with its technology partners. This wouldhelp consumers understand the products that Intel helped make up.It did this by including the âIntel Insideâ logo in its partnersâads. It also helped fund these advertisements. A problem withincluding its slogan in other ads is that Intel did not want tointrude on the commercials. It decided to help make the small logosink in by accompanying it with a jingle every time it wasdisplayed. This jingle has become extremely recognizable andsynonymous with Intelâs slogan. All of this helped Intel realizeits goal of increased consumer awareness. Longitudinal measurementof advertising effectiveness via marketing research revealed thatthe âIntel Insideâ campaign was very effective. Intelâs next ideawas to come up with a name for its microprocessor. This would helpit to avoid using the numbering scheme, which was nonpatentable,and to find a name that consumers could identify their processorswith. After extensive marketing research, Intel chose the nameâPentium,â which it found generated positive reactions with itsconsumers. Intel has been marketing its processors under this nameever since. Between 1990 and 1993, Intel invested $500 million inadvertising to build its brand equity. By 1993, 80 percent ofpeople in the United States recognized Intel and 75 percent hadpositive feelings about the brand. Most important, 50 percent ofconsumers looked for the brand when they were shopping. By 1994,Intel had captured 95 percent of the microprocessor market, due inlarge part to its marketing efforts. Intelâs market share formicroprocessors slipped to about 80 percent in 2005 as a result ofincreased competition from its main competitor, AMD. On December30, 2005, Intel announced a major overhaul of its corporate andproduct branding, a move designed to symbolize the chip makerâstransformation into a supplier for products beyond personalcomputers. The changes included a new version of the companyâs bluelogoâwithout the lowered âeâ that had long been a part of Intelâsbrandingâalong with a new tagline, âLeap Ahead.â As of 2006, Intelno longer used the well-known âIntel Insideâ logo. In 2009 tobetter align major product groups around the core competencies ofIntel architecture and manufacturing operations, Intel reorganizeditself into nine operating segments. The increased competitionmakes Intelâs marketing research efforts more important than everas it attempts to preserve its dominant place in the market. Intelhas been able to be very successful because of its focus ontechnology, brand image, and brand equity. Intel still faces futurechallenges, including increased competition, the opening of newmarkets, and the development of new products. Intel will continueto rely on marketing research to meet these challenges. ConclusionMarketing research has played a critical role in Intelâs phenomenalgrowth. Marketing research was instrumental in developing the Intelbrand, designing the âIntel Insideâ campaign, and crafting the newlogo with the âLeap Aheadâ tag line. Continued reliance onmarketing research will enable Intel to enhance its image as apreeminent building block supplier inside out.

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ADMS 4900 Chapter 12: ADMS 4900 Chapter 12 Summary

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