PSYC 2240 Chapter : 5. Development and Plasticity of the Brain.pdf
Document Summary
Neurons begin by migrating to their proper locations and developing axons, which extend to their correct targets by following chemical pathways. The nervous system at first forms far more neurons than it needs and then eliminates those that do not establish suitable connections or receive sufficient input. It also forms excess synapses and discards the less active ones. Experiences, especially early in life, alter brain anatomy. Many mechanisms contribute to recovery from brain damage, including restoration of undamaged neurons to full activity, regrowth of axons, readjustment of surviving synapses, and behavioral adjustments. The cns begins to form when the embryo is about 2 weeks old. The brain and spinal cord begin as folding lips surrounding a fluid-filled canal. Migration-- the movement of neurons towards their eventual destinations in the brain (after cells have differentiated as neurons or glia) Differentiation-- formation of the axon and dendrites that gives a neuron its distinctive shape.
