BIOL 118 Chapter Notes - Chapter 15: Eukaryotic Dna Replication, Phosphodiester Bond, Primase

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oliveant250

17 Mar 2017

School

Binghamton University

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 118

Professor

Dennis Mc Gee, Steven Tammariello

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Document Summary

Remember dna has complementary base pairing (fig 15. 4) Dna replication is semiconservative - of old parental strand separated - each new daughter is made of one old and one new strand created based upon complementary base pairing. Each form a template for 2 new strands - Each new chromosome is composed of (fig 15. 5) Dna polymerase = enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of new dna - several types. Can only add deoxyribonucleotides to a free 3" end. Dna synthesis goes to 5" to 3" direction. A deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dntp) is added to a dna polymer -high pe. Complementary base pairing determines the nucleotide used. Phosphodiester bond forms between the carbons on the deoxyribose. Bidirectional - occurs in both directions at the same time, replication bubble grows in 2 directions as it proceeds. Dna synthesis begins at multiple sites along each chromosome.

Related Questions

1) What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand in DNA replication? Place the following steps of DNA replication in right chronological order.

1. Primase adds an ribonucleotide primer
2. Initiator proteins bind the origin of replication and helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary bases of double stranded template DNA
3. DNA polymerase III extends by complementary base pairing deoxyribonucleotides to the template strands
4. Ligase phosphodiester bonds the nucleotides to connect okazaki fragments nad connect fragments at the origin and where the "crotches or forks" collide
5. DNA polymerase I removes RNA primer and replaces with Deoxyribonucleotides

2) Given the template DNA and primer sequences below, what bases will be added to the primer as DNA replication proceeds? (The bases should appear in the order that they will be added)

5'-GTCGTCTCCCTTTTTAAAAACCCCCCC-3'
5'-UUUUUAAAAAGGG-3'

3) Given the DNA sequence below, what could be a primer sequence used in its replication?
5'-CGTACGGCCCCAAAATTGCTACTCTGCTG-3'

raspberryleopard304

I have three questions, I just need them checked to see if my answer was wrong or right question

1: Which organism, when replicating its DNA, will have only one origin of replication site?

a) mice

b) Humans

c) E. coli â(this was my answer)

d) plants

Question 2: What function does DNA ligase perform in the cell?

A) covalently bond a 5â hydroxyl to a 3â polymerase

B) hydrogen bond the nucleotide bases together

C) covalently bonds a 3â hydroxyl to a 5â phosphate (this is my answer)

D) repairs DNA mutation

Question 3: In DNA replication, the term semiconservative means:

A) only one new strand of DNA is produced

B) each new strand produced pairs with itself, the old strands with themselves (This is my answer)

C) each replicated strand is made up randomly of old and new DNA

D) each newly replicated strand pairs with each old strand

coralmink201

What step in DNA replication precedes the pairing of complementary bases?

	A.	polymerization of DNA.
	B.	formation of the histone core.
	C.	mitotic division.
	D.	separation of the two strands.
	E.	joining of the two strands.

In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the

	A.	ribosome.
	B.	mitochondria.
	C.	cell membrane.
	D.	cytoplasm.
	E.	nucleus.

Normal human body cells contain how many chromosomes?

	A.	46
	B.	22
	C.	23
	D.	44
	E.	42

Hershey and Chase performed an experiment in which they used radioactive isotopes to phosphorus and sulfur to label different components of bacterial viruses. Their results clearly showed that

	A.	the viruses did not contain protein.
	B.	genetic material normally contains radioactive isotopes.
	C.	the viruses did not contain DNA.
	D.	protein was entering into the infected bacteria.
	E.	DNA was entering into the infected bacteria.

A package of histones with DNA wrapped around them forms spherical structures called

	A.	nucleosomes.
	B.	lysosomes.
	C.	ribosomes.
	D.	nucleoli.
	E.	chromatin.

DNA replication

	A.	does not require proteins.
	B.	is constantly happening in a cell.
	C.	occurs in G1 of interphase.
	D.	takes place in the nucleus of the cell.
	E.	occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

The two subunits of the ribosome join during

	A.	promotion of transcription.
	B.	initiation of translation.
	C.	termination of transcription.
	D.	termination of translation.
	E.	elongation.

DNA replication of a single DNA molecule is referred to as semiconservative because

	A.	each of the two DNA molecules will consist of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.
	B.	all the DNA strands in the two DNA molecules will have both parental and newly synthesized DNA.
	C.	it results in two nonidentical DNA molecules.
	D.	of the two DNA molecules, one is made up totally of parental DNA, while the other is entirely newly synthesized DNA.
	E.	one DNA strand is replicated continuously, while the other must be replicated discontinuously.

The bases are bonded to what part of the backbone of the DNA molecule?

	A.	the 4â carbon atom of the sugar molecule.
	B.	the 3â carbon atom of the sugar molecule.
	C.	the 5â carbon atom of the sugar molecule.
	D.	the 1â carbon atom of the sugar molecule.
	E.	the 2â carbon atom of the sugar molecule.

BIOL 118 Chapter Notes - Chapter 15: Eukaryotic Dna Replication, Phosphodiester Bond, Primase

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