BIOCHEM 2EE3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Glucokinase, Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase, Pyruvate Carboxylase
15 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Glucose is broken down sequentially through glycolysis and then through the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction and citric acid cycle. Glycolysis can happen in the absence of oxygen = anaerobic conditions. In humans, the result is lactate and in yeast ethanol is produced as a biproduct. So the body can synthesize glucose de novo through a process called gluconeogenesis. Carbohydrates that are consumed in our diets that are not required immediately for energy are stored as glycogen in our muscles and liver. Once a=our glycogen stores are filled up excess carbohydrates are converted to fat for storage. Pentose phosphate pathway alternative pathway by which glucose is broken down to generate nadph for reductive biosynthetic processes such as fat synthesis as well as providing ribose05-phosphate for the biosynthesis of nucleotides. Vertebrates store glucose in the form of glycogen. Glycogen is a highly branched structure with a single reducing end and several non- reducing ends. Alpha-1,4 bonds link the glucose subunits linearly.
