BCHM 316 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Glycerol, Pyruvic Acid, Lyase
6 May 2018
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Ketogenesis
- Synthesis of ketone bodies
- This is valuable during starvation
Anapleurotic pathways
- Pyruvate carboxylase
- PEP carboxykinase
● Mammals, liver; usually only in forward reactions
Liver:
- Pyruvate carboxylase bypasses acetyl-coA, pyruvate → oxaloacetate
- Uses glucose to make acetyl-coA and fatty acids to make oxaloacetate
- Can make by-products (amino acids, perforins, etc.)
- Starvation: focuses on providing glucose to the body
- Uses lactate, alanine, & glycerol → pyruvate→ oxaloacetate →
glucose
- Acetyl coA builds up
- (FAs from fat deposits converted to acetyl-CoA via B-
oxidation)
- Acetyl-coA goes to ketogenesis
- Ketone bodies are used for peripheral tissue
- B-oxidation provides liver NADH & FADH2 → energy
- To citric acid cycle
- Acetoacetate & D-B-hydroxybutyrate
- Can be broken down to acetone (which has no metabolic value)
- PEP carboxykinase (heart, skeletal muscle) → peripheral tissues
- PEP → oxaloacetate, no pyruvate made
- Liver sends glucose → PEP → oxaloacetate via PEP
carboxykinase
- Liver sends ketone bodies, get FAs from stores → both
converted to acetyl coA
- Goal: keep CAC operating for energy and raw materials
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Document Summary
Mammals, liver; usually only in forward reactions. Pyruvate carboxylase bypasses acetyl-coa, pyruvate oxaloacetate. Uses glucose to make acetyl-coa and fatty acids to make oxaloacetate. Can make by-products (amino acids, perforins, etc. ) Starvation: focuses on providing glucose to the body. Uses lactate, alanine, & glycerol pyruvate oxaloacetate glucose. Acetyl coa builds up (fas from fat deposits converted to acetyl-coa via b- oxidation) Ketone bodies are used for peripheral tissue. B-oxidation provides liver nadh & fadh2 energy. Can be broken down to acetone (which has no metabolic value) Pep carboxykinase (heart, skeletal muscle) peripheral tissues. Liver sends glucose pep oxaloacetate via pep carboxykinase. Liver sends ketone bodies, get fas from stores both converted to acetyl coa. Goal: keep cac operating for energy and raw materials. Energy used by other tissues, not by the liver. Ketone bodies arrive alongside glucose to peripheral tissues. The liver cannot convert acetoacetate into acetyl-coa, so it cannot use ketone bodies for energy.
