BIOL 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Alcohol Detoxification, Hepatic Veins, Bile Acid

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pucegerbil279

21 Mar 2020

School

University of Alberta

Department

Biology (Biological Sciences)

Course

BIOL 315

Professor

William Allison

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Document Summary

Osmosis by the pumping of sodium chloride ions out of the lumen the of small. Intestines : pancreas , gall bladder liver. 1 of duodenum add secretion to chyme . pancreatic secretions bicarbonate neutralises the stomach acid and acts as a buffer) tnypsin chymotnypsin inactive proteases) pancreatic amylase pancreatic lipase pancreatic nuclease. Liver produces bile ( contains bile salts which emulsifies lipids) destruction of red blood cells that no longer function alcohol detoxification and. Toxin detoxification storage of polysaccharides . production of sugars produces essential amino acids deamination of excess proteins pile is stored in a concentrated form in the gall bladder and. Is secreted via the bile duet into the duodenum. Adaptations for increased efficiency very long and highly folded . finger like projection called ni lhi micro villi increased very large number of surface area rilli micro villi surrounded by a large network of capillaries t.

Related Questions

1. Food passing into the small intestines is very acidic from the hydrochloric acid released by the lining of the stomach and mixed in by churning. The pH of the stomach is about 2 whereas the pH of the small intestines is about 8. A buffer, bicarbonate, is released by the pancreas and used to convert the pH 2 chyme solutions (food) to a pH 8. Explain the importance of the buffer to the continued digestion of your food.

2. Your enzymes have specificity. With this in mind, explain why you need no less than ten different enzymes working on digestion in your small intestines.

3. In a eukaryotic cell there is one nucleus and several mitochondria. Both of these organelles are surrounded by a membrane and contain DNA. With your knowledge of a minimal cell, the cell theory and the endosymbiotic hypothesis, explain whether or not they fit the criteria to be considered a cell and support your answer.

4. Your pancreas cells produce many digestive enzymes necessary for the final digestive processes in your small intestines, including pancreatic amylase to complete the digestion the starches in your food. The pancreatic amylase is secreted from the cells of the pancreas and is carried to the small intestine in the common bile duct. Describe the pancreas cellâs processes that it must go through from production to secretion of this enzyme (amylase).

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Science

Question 1.1. (TCO 4) The layer of the GItract wall containing a large number of blood and lymphatic vesselsthat receive absorbed food molecules is called the(Points : 2)

muscularis mucosa.
mucosa.
submucosa.
serosa.
muscularis.

Question 2.2. (TCO 4) The intestinal hormonethat induces a feeling of satiety (full to satisfaction) is (Points: 2)

cholecystokinin.
secretin.
pepsin.
gastrin.
GIP.

Question 3.3. (TCO 4) Cholecystokinin (CCK)(Points : 2)

stimulates the gallbladder to contract.
is released in responseto lipids entering the duodenum.
stimulates the release ofpancreatic juice.
slows the movement ofchyme into the duodenum.
stimulates all of theabove effects.

Question 4.4. (TCO 4) Most of the nutrientshave been absorbed from the chyme by the time it reaches the(Points : 2)

cardiac region of thestomach.
duodenum.
jejunum.
ascending colon.
pyloric region of thestomach.

Question 5.5. (TCO 4) The portion ofperitoneum that anchors the small intestines to the posteriorabdominal wall is called the (Points : 2)

greater omentum.
mesentery.
lesser omentum.
pleura.
pyloric sphincter.

Question 6.6. (TCO 4) Which of the followingis NOT a type of essential nutrient? (Points : 2)

Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Vitamins
Minerals

Question 7.7. (TCO 4) How many molecules ofATP are generated during the complete oxidation of a glucosemolecule to CO₂? (Points : 2)

30 to 32
32 to 34
34 to 36
36 to 38
38 to 40

Question 8.8. (TCO 4) Insulin-like growthfactors, thyroid hormones, insulin, estrogen, and testosterone allstimulate (Points : 2)

proteindegradation.
protein synthesis.
carbohydratedegradation.
gluconeogenesis.
lipolysis.

Question 9.9. (TCO 4) Which of the followinghormones are the main regulators of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?(Points : 2)

Glucagon
Thyroid hormones
Insulin
Estrogen
Progesterone

Question 10.10. (TCO 4) When phagocytes likemacrophages ingest certain bacteria, they are stimulated to secretea fever-producing substance called a(n) (Points : 2)

marasmus.
pyrogen.
analgesic.
interferon.
pathogen.

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Which characteristic distinguishes the circulatory system from the lymphatic system?

	A.	Circulatory system transports vitamins, lymphatic system does not
	B.	Circulatory system is pumped by the heart, lymphatic system has no pump
	C.	Circulatory system is a transport system, lymphatic system is not
	D.	Circulatory system contains lacteals, lymphatic system contains capillaries

What is the role of bile in the bodyâs handling of lipids?

	A.	Bile separates fatty acids from glycerol so that they can be absorbed.
	B.	Bile attaches to a very small proportion of fat in the small intestine and causes it to be excreted.
	C.	Bile helps keep lipids in small droplets in the small intestine.
	D.	Bile aids in formation of lipoproteins.

Identify the correct sequence of events in the digestion of fat.

	A.	mixing into chyme, absorption, cephalic phase, digestion
	B.	cephalic phase, digestion, mixing into chyme, absorption
	C.	cephalic phase, mixing into chyme, digestion, absorption
	D.	absorption, cephalic phase, mixing into chyme, digestion

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BIOL 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Alcohol Detoxification, Hepatic Veins, Bile Acid

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