BIOM 2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Posterior Pituitary, Pituitary Gland, Vasopressin
16 Mar 2016
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Document Summary
Hormones produced by specialized cells, tissues or organs and released into the blood and act on target cells throughout the body by interacting with protein receptors. Hormones control many physiological processes, including reproduction, growth and development, metabolism. A hormone"s relationship to its target cells resembles that of a substrate to an enzyme. Protein receptors on the plasma membrane or in the cell"s interior interact with hormones to: Alter cellular activity by regulating the rate of normal metabolic processes. 2 modes by which hormones exert their effects: Triggering the second messenger system in the cell. Hormones exert their actions by activating intracellular receptors: Thyroid and steroid hormones act on receptors in the nucleus of target cell. These hormones regulate the transcription of specific genes. Other hormones and some steroids bind to specific receptors on the plasma membrane. These hormones activate the receptor, and trigger an intracellular response within the cytoplasm of the target cell.
