BIO220H1 Lecture 4: Lecture 4 Social Behavior

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11 Apr 2012

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Some reproduce; some don"t; some help others reproduce: altruistic: increase another individual"s reproductive success at the cost of one"s. Social behavior own reproductive success: cooperative: benefits both. Hawk-dove game: some number of players, a set of possible strategies, different pay-offs, contest between two individuals over obtaining a resource, fitness is frequency dependent. Ideal game play depends on the values of the reward and cost of fighting. Reciprocity: multiple, repeated interactions acquire information of individual, given multiple encounters, perhaps it does not pay to be selfish. Iterated prisoner"s dilemma: cooperate on first encounter, copy opponent"s last move thereafter, nice, retaliatory, forgiving. Predator inspection in guppies: examine behavior with cooperating/defecting partner. Individual selection on alarm calling: callers decrease in frequency. Group selection on calling: noncalling low (nobody calls for predators great loss, calling high (low mortality) Intermediate intermediate (mixture, predation biased to callers) Mixing: no longer 50-50: more callers, calling frequency increases, selection favors calling allele.

Related Questions

Explain the unusual sex-determining system of eusocial insects like ants and bees. Why does this system favor the evolution of a non-reproductive worker caste? Why are workers all female? Why do workers sacrifice their own reproductive success to help the queen?

Explain why a queen bee produces equal numbers of sons and daughters, but workers favor a 3:1 ratio of daughters to sons among the queenâs offspring.

Under what conditions can behavior for reciprocal altruism (individuals helping each other) evolve between non-relatives? What does such a system depend upon?

tealcamel490

True or False? Mate choice is important onanimal species behavior. Male and female animals often differ inthe cost of reproduction and therefore have different behaviors

True or False? Natural selection is the sum ofsurvival and fertility mechanisms that affect reproductivesuccess.

Question!

Water fleas, Daphnia magna, can switch betweenasexual and sexual reproduction cycles. Which of the followingobservations support the hypothesis that sex is favored inunpredictable environments?

Select one:

a. The introduction of predators triggers sexualreproduction.

b. D. magna reproduces asexually every other generationin a variety of habitats.

c. D. magna reproduces sexually when its aquatichabitat dries up.

d. Asexual D. magna strains outcompete introducedcompetitors.

e. A and C

Question

Reciprocal altruism can be best explained with a model proposedby Trivers in 1971: If one individual (A) pays some cost to helpanother individual (B), but the cost is recovered at some point inthe future (when B helps A), then natural selection might favorbehaviors that lead to this type of reciprocity. In which of thefollowing situations is reciprocal altruism likely to occur?

Select one:

a. in dynamic large populations where individuals rarelyinteract with the same set of partners

b. in eusocial groups such as termites, ants, and other suchspecies

c. in large populations of marine invertebrates

d. in stable groups, with ongoing interactions with the same setof partners

1. Traits don't necessarily have to be passed on from parent to offspring for natural selection to act on them; traits that are environmentally acquired during the life time of an individual (such as practicing to become very strong or very fast) can also be acted upon by natural selection. Select one: True or False

2.Within the same species and even within the same population, not all individuals are the same. They vary in size, shape or other traits.

Select one:

True

False

3.Differential reproductive success means that some individuals in a population leave more offspring that survive and reproduce relative to other individuals in a population.

Select one:

True

False

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BIO220H1 Lecture 4: Lecture 4 Social Behavior

BIO220H1 Full Course Notes

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