HMB265H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Inbreeding, Genetic Linkage, Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

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rosebadger889

15 Oct 2017

School

UTSG

Department

Human Biology

Course

HMB265H1

Professor

Maria Papaconstantinou

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HMB265H1 Full Course Notes

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Hmb265: lecture 11 - midterm review (oct. 13) Mendel"s 2 laws + how he derived them (from what crosses) Epistasis (recessive, dominant / what are the ratios?) Epistasis: mutation in one gene masks effect of another gene. Dominant b allele is epistatic to both a and a. Recessive: bb epistatic to a and a. What is the probability that the first female offspring will be aa. Assume individuals that are unaffected are aa unless cross clearly shows otherwise. Assume individuals that are affected are aa unless cross clearly shows otherwise. Determine the mode of inheritance requiring the fewest number of individuals to independently have the disease allele. Jay has blood type b and his mother has blood type a. The frequency of a dominant autosomal disease allele is 0. 1 in a population. What proportion of the population is expected to have the disease, assuming the population is at hardy-weinberg equilibrium.

Related Questions

Q.In the non-9:3:3:1 ratio dihybrid cross below, there are 3 classes of phenotypes: white, pink, red which of the following is NOT true?

9 A_B_ white

3 A_bb pink

3 aaB_ red

1 aabb red

a.) phenotype is dependent on the genotype of gene B

b.) This is an example of recessive episasis

c.) aa is epistatic to B_, and bb

d.) phenotype is dependent on the genotype of gene A

Q,When choosing a selectable marker, you...

a.) choose a enhancer for your gene of interest

b.) choose a rescue gene to save your gene of interest

c.) choose a resistant gene that will allow for colony screening

d.) choose a gene that encodes for DNA replication

Q.The following steps detail an experiment resulting in transgenic mice with a knockout gene for fur color. Recall that agouti (brown) mice are A/A;M/M and black fur coats are a/a;M/M . List the steps in their correct chronological order.

1.Inject transformed agouti embryotic cells into an a/a;M/M embryo to produce A/A;M/m and a/a;M/M altered embryo

2.Self-cross hemizygous mice to produce homozygous transgenic mice (A/-;M/m)

3.Create a a targeting vector containing tk+ for ganciclovir sensitivity, neoR for neomycin resistance, and the gene encoding fur color.

4.Observe mice with chimeric phenotype and cross them with black a/a;M/M mice to produce transgenic hemizygous progeny (A/a;M/m)

5.Isolate all transformed embryonic stem cells that show homologous recombination and inject them into a embryonic stem cells of an agouti mouse.

a.) 3,5,4,1,2

b.) 1,5,3,4,2

c.) 3,5,1,4,2

d.) 5,3,2,4,2

If dog 1 has is black with alleles (A_B_) , and dog 2 is brown with (aaB_), and dog 3 is yellow with (_ _bb) alleles, what kind of epistasis is this and what color would dog 4 be if he was (AAbb).

1. Recessive epistasis, Yellow

2. Recessive epistasis, Black

3. Dominant epistasis, Yellow

4. Dominant epistasis, Black

A gene interaction in which pair of recessive genes at one locus prevents expression of dominant allele at another locus called

a. incomplete dominance

b. epistatis

c. complete dominance

d. polygenic inheritance

What is a genome? What is a genome made of? Describe the bacterial genome. How do bacteria reproduce? What is binary fission? Distinguish between a chromosome and chromatin. Where are chromosomes located in eukaryotic cells? What is the chromosome made of? What is a centromere? What is the centromere's role? What are sister chromatids and how do they arise? Distinguish between somatic cells and germ (gametes) cells. Describe the cell cycle. What are the different phases? What occurs during S phase? What is interphase? How is the cell cycle controlled?

Describe mitosis. What are the phases of mitosis? What occurs in each of the phases of mitosis? What is cytokinesis? How does this differ between plant and animal cells? What is a kinetochore? Where does it form? What is its role? What is the role of microtubules in mitosis? What is a centriole and what is it composed of? What is a centrosome and what is its role in mitosis? What is the metaphase plate and why is this important? What is the mitotic spindle, its role and its makeup? What defines a diploid cell? How many copies of each chromosome is in a diploid cell? What about a haploid cell? Why do the daughter cells of mitosis always have the same complement of chromosomes?

Describe meiosis. What are the phases of meiosis? What occurs in each of the phases of meiosis? Distinguish between meiosis I and meiosis II and describe how each of these processes compare to mitosis. Why do animal cells undergo meiosis? What is a gamete? What is a zygote? What are recombination, crossing-over, and chiasma? When and why does this occur? What is meant by 'homologous pair of chromosomes'? Why don't the daughter cells of meiosis have the same genetic makeup? What controls the segregation of chromosomes into the gametes?

What are genetic characters? What are genetic traits? What is an allele? What is a locus? How many alleles at each locus would a human cell have and why? Distinguish between genotype and phenotype. What is meant by a dominant gene? What is meant by a recessive gene? How do these differ? What is the genotype of a homozygous dominant organism? What is its phenotype? What is the genotype of a homozygous recessive organism? What is its phenotype? What is the genotype of a heterozygous organism? What is its phenotype? What is a genetic cross? Distinguish between the P, F1, and F2 generations. What is a true-breeding line? What is the genotype and phenotype of a cross between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive parents? If the F1 progeny are crossed, what would be the genotype and phenotype of the F2 generation? What would be the phenotypic ratio? What would be the genotypic ratio? Be ready to generate Punnet square tests or probability analyses of crosses involving more than one genetic locus. Describe a dihybrid cross where two alleles are homozygous dominant in one parent and homozygous recessive in the other. What would be the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation from this dihybrid cross? What is meant by independent assortment? Be prepared to calculate probabilities resulting from different crosses.

Distinguish between complete and incomplete dominance. How would incomplete dominance alter the results of a hybrid cross? What would the resulting F2 generation phenotype and genotype ratios be? What is codominance? How does this affect the results of crosses? Be prepared to determine likely blood types of parents based on the blood types of their offspring. What is a polygenic trait? What is a carrier state for a genetic disease? What is meant by linked genes? How does this affect expected outcomes of genetic crosses? How is gene linkage used for chromosomal mapping? Distinguish between autosomes and sex chromosomes. What sex chromosomes are found in women? What sex chromosomes are found in men? What are sex-linked traits? Be prepared to give the results of crosses that involve sex-linked recessive traits. What is the process of nondisjunction? What are the likely results? Why is this important? What is a Barr body? Recognize the genetic abnormality of Downs Syndrome, Turner's Syndrome, and Klinefelter's Syndrome.

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HMB265H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Inbreeding, Genetic Linkage, Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

HMB265H1 Full Course Notes

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