Pharmacology 3620 Lecture Notes - Lecture 37: Nateglinide, Glibenclamide, Protamine

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24 Mar 2017

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Drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus, recall: definition & diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, dm: characterized by presence of hyperglycemia due to defective insulin secretion/action, or both. Type 2 diabetes: obesity is strongly linked to development of t2 dm. There is a limit to the amount of fat which adipose tissues can store. When too much fat is stored, adipocytes become dysfunctional where they undergo inflammation & constantly release ffas into circulation: thus, accumulation of lipids in non-fatty tissues can develop (e. g. steatosis in the muscle & liver) Long-term complications of type 2 diabetes remains the same as type 1 diabetes: Incidence of heart failure increases 2-4-fold (diabetic cardiomyopathy) Treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 diabetic normal. Initial drug therapy with insulin sensitizer (metformin), which will decrease insulin resistance: may also require insulin therapy (hormone replacement) if complete beta-cell failure (like type 1) Liver cells hormone sensitization: adipocytes hormone sensitization, kidneys glucose excretion, hormone replacement for a source of exogenous insulin.

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CASE STUDY SCENARIO

SJ is a 64-year-old, South East Asian male from the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) in Ontario, who comes to the Emergency Department with his wife of 22 years. SJ and his wife are South East Asians and live in GTA, Ontario. SJ has been complaining of nausea and vomiting over the last 2â3 days, and his wife states he seems confused at times. His blood sugar on arrival to the department read 19.6 mmol/L. The client has already been started on regular insulin (Humulin R) via SQ route, and he will be admitted for further investigation and diagnostic purpose.

This is a new diagnosis of diabetes for SJ, and he is very anxious. SJ is 5 feet 7 inches tall and weighs 171 pounds. He reports no form of regular exercise or special diet. SJâs diet entails carbohydrate dense foods and high glycemic index beverages. For the past 4 months or more, his wife has noticed that her husband has been very thirsty, and goes to the bathroom every 30 minutes.

PART 1: Questions

1. Describe the following serum glucose tests used to help diagnose diabetes mellitus: fasting, postprandial, and oral glucose tolerance test.

2. Explain what a hemoglobin A1c lab test tells the health care team.

3. Taking SJâs cultural background into consideration, explain what could have possibly contributed to SJâs diagnosis? Which type of diabetes does SJ have? List all the criteria from the case study that would support his diagnosis.

4. please include references in APA styles.

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Pharmacology 3620 Lecture Notes - Lecture 37: Nateglinide, Glibenclamide, Protamine

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