Physiology 3120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 66: Fallopian Tube, Pap Test, Suspensory Ligament
2 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Human Physiology Lecture 66
Female Reproductive System
Female Anatomy
- Uterus
o U shaped
o Muscular
o Where the fetus develops
- The uterus sits on top of the bladder
o If you have a baby, it is putting pressure on the bladder
- The male: when the prostate gets large with disease it puts pressure on the bladder
- Urethra is attached to the bladder
o Different to the male: it is ONLY attached to the urinary system. In the male the urethra dealt
with the reproductive and the urinary system in one output
- The reproductive system in the female is accessed through the vagina leading into the uterus
- Uterus is the place of implantation NOT the fallopian tube
- Fallopian tube: passage for sperm and oocyte
- Ovary will release the oocyte and the oocyte will move into the fallopian tube
o In the fallopian tube a pregnancy to occur it will meet a sperm
o FERTILIZATION OCCURS IN THE FALOPAIN TUBE
- Ovaries: oogenesis and hormones
o One central organ responsible for the development of the gametes
▪ Similar to males where the testes made the gametes
o 5cm in size
- Surgery: Ovary on the neck, connect the necks and the veins to connect the jugular
o Catheridize, both vessels get accurate measurements of secretions during the cycle
o NOT IN HUMANS
- Vagina: site of sperm deposition, removal of menstrual fluid
o Entrance to the reproductive tract
o Through the ovarian cycle, this is where the products of menstruation exit
- Cervix: entrance to the uterus
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- Pap smear
o Vagina is opened up and a swab of cells in the cervix is taken and place on slide for chemical
isolation
o For diseases such as HPV, there are disruption of cells in the cervix – DETECTED WITH PAP
SMEAR
Reproductive Organs
- Vagina leading to the entrance into the uterus through the cervix
- Uterus is muscular organ where the fertilized egg implants
- Fallopian tube reaches out toward the ovary
o They hold the ovary
o Processes at the end of the fallopian tube surround the ovary
- Oocyte is released into the space, captured and moved into the fallopian tube among ovulation
- Left hand image: cross section of the ovary
- Ovary has a blood supply
- Finger – like projections that wave in the oocyte are the Fimbriae
o These under the actions of estrogen are active in waving anything that may be ovulated into
the fallopian tube
- Suspensory ligament
o Holds everything in place
o In certain situations, associated with aging, these ligaments fail
▪ Ex. prolapse – the uterus moves through the cervix into the vagina & collapses. In
sever cases it can be exposed to the outside of the body. The ligaments are needed to
hold things in place
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Oogenesis & Atresia
- In the male, once he reaches puberty he begins spermatogenesis
o 1 diploid cell produced 4 haploids
- in the female, we produce ALL of our gametes in utero
o All mitosis that we ever do occurs in utero, beginning at the third month
o Produce ALL eggs she ever has, and they all begin meiosis before birth!
o Rapid rise in the number of germ cells. They enter the first stage of meiosis and arrest before
birth in Prophase 1
- 6 months of life – everything is set ready to go
- Even in utero, there is a massive decline in the number of germ cells
o Rapid proliferation and entrance into meiosis
o Rapid decline in the total number – huge number of cells go through apoptosis and atresia
o At birth you are left with a much small number of germ cells compared to at 4 months into
utero
- From the population, once you have made it to puberty only a cohort of them move forward and one
of them ovulates
o The rest that are selected to move with the wave, die
Gamete Production
- Males: mitosis then 2 stages of meiosis to get 4 haploid gamete cells
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Uterus: u shaped, muscular, where the fetus develops. The uterus sits on top of the bladder. If you have a baby, it is putting pressure on the bladder. The male: when the prostate gets large with disease it puts pressure on the bladder. Urethra is attached to the bladder: different to the male: it is only attached to the urinary system. In the male the urethra dealt with the reproductive and the urinary system in one output. The reproductive system in the female is accessed through the vagina leading into the uterus. Uterus is the place of implantation not the fallopian tube. Ovary will release the oocyte and the oocyte will move into the fallopian tube. In the fallopian tube a pregnancy to occur it will meet a sperm: fertilization occurs in the falopain tube. Ovaries: oogenesis and hormones: one central organ responsible for the development of the gametes.
