EARTH 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Seismic Wave, Pyroxene, Oceanic Crust
16 Mar 2018
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Document Summary
Stony-iron - core-mantle boundaries of destroyed (differentiated) planets. P (primary) waves: go through solids and liquids. S (secondary) waves: do not go through solids. Both p and s waves travel through the mantle (solid) but s waves don"t go through the liquid outer core. Transition zone - between upper mantle and lower mantle (defined by mineral phase transitions) Core-mantle boundary - between lower mantle and outer core. Clues about what mantle is made out of. Igneous rock (crystallized from a melt); most common rock type on earth"s surface because it forms the oceanic crust (so, most of it underwater) 2 major minerals inside basalt: plagiocase feldspar, clinopyroxene. Lithosphere: rigid - consists of upper crust and upper mantle. Asthenosphere: plastic - consists of upper mantle (80-200km below surface) Incongruent melting - when a solid substance does not melt uniformly, decomposing into another solid and a liquid with different compositions (the way in which basalt is extracted out of the mantle)
