Below you have the sequence of 33 nucleotides(part of a coding region of gene TTr34) from two different species of birds (Species A and Species B). For simplicity, the amino acids encoded by the codons of Species A is also indicated, and â.â indicates the same nucleotide as the one observed in the first sequence.
Pro Gly Asn Thr His Glu Ala Gln Lys Ala Val Species A CCT GGG AAT ACT CAT GAA GCA CAA AAA GCC GTC Species B . . G . . T . . C . . . . . . . C . . . . . C . . . T A . . . . T
Use these two sequences to estimate the molecular distances.
a. How many nucleotide changes produce a change in amino acid (nonsynonymous changes)(use the genetic code)?
b. How many nucleotide changes are synonymous (do not cause a change in amino acid)(use the genetic code)?
c. Calculate the molecular distance for synonymous (Ds) and Nonsynonymous (Da) for this gene region without correction. To estimate the total number of synonymous and nonsynonymous sites, assume that 25% of the sites are synonymous and 75% of sites are nonsynonymous.
* Please show all work and explain. *
Below you have the sequence of 33 nucleotides(part of a coding region of gene TTr34) from two different species of birds (Species A and Species B). For simplicity, the amino acids encoded by the codons of Species A is also indicated, and â.â indicates the same nucleotide as the one observed in the first sequence.
| Pro | Gly | Asn | Thr | His | Glu | Ala | Gln | Lys | Ala | Val | |
| Species A | CCT | GGG | AAT | ACT | CAT | GAA | GCA | CAA | AAA | GCC | GTC |
| Species B | . . G | . . T | . . C | . . . | . . . | . C . | . . . | . C . | . . T | A . . | . . T |
Use these two sequences to estimate the molecular distances.
a. How many nucleotide changes produce a change in amino acid (nonsynonymous changes)(use the genetic code)?
b. How many nucleotide changes are synonymous (do not cause a change in amino acid)(use the genetic code)?
c. Calculate the molecular distance for synonymous (Ds) and Nonsynonymous (Da) for this gene region without correction. To estimate the total number of synonymous and nonsynonymous sites, assume that 25% of the sites are synonymous and 75% of sites are nonsynonymous.
* Please show all work and explain. *
Related textbook solutions
Related questions
For the following strand of DNA, use the table below to provide: bases for the complementary mRNA and the associated amino acids. What do you notice about the genetic code for proline in the peptide? How would the loss of the first G or switching that G to a T affect the structure and function of this protein?
DNA: GGC CTA CAA GCC GGA ACA GTT ACC GCG TAA CGA
RNA: ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???
Amino Acid:??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???
(3 Letters)
Genetic Code Table (mRNA)
| 1st position (5' end) | 2nd position (middle) | 3rd position (3' end) | |||
| U | C | A | G | ||
| U | Phe F Phe F Leu L Leu L | Ser S Ser S Ser S Ser S | Tyr Y Tyr Y STOP STOP | Cys C Cys C STOP Trp W | U C A G |
| C | Leu L Leu L Leu L Leu L | Pro P Pro P Pro P Pro P | His H His H Gln Q Gln Q | Arg R Arg R Arg R Arg R | U C A G |
| A | Ile I Ile I Ile I Met M | Thr T Thr T Thr T Thr T | Asn N Asn N Lys K Lys K | Ser S Ser S Arg R Arg R | U C A G |
| G | Val V Val V Val V Val V | Ala A Ala A Ala A Ala A | Asp D Asp D Glu E Glu E | Gly G Gly G Gly G Gly G | U C A G |
5). The table shows five different mutations of a small section of a gene.
Use the base-pairing rules to complete the second column. For each mutation, write the sequence for any mRNA codons that will be changed as a result of the mutation in bold. Write any codons that wonât be changed in regular font.
Using the genetic code chart from question #3, identify any stop codons in the mRNA molecules â write these codons in red
For each mutation, write any amino acids that will be changed in the last column in bold font. Use red XXXs to indicate any amino acids that will be missing as a result of stop codons and use use regular font indicate any amino acids that will not be changed.
| DNA (Template Strand) | mRNA codon | Polypeptide |
| Original DNA = GCAAGTACCTGA | CGU UCA UGG ACU | arg â ser â trp â thr |
| Mutation = GCCAGTACCTGA (nucleotide change underlined) | ____ ____ ____ ____ | ___ ___ ___ ___ |
| Mutation = GCACGTACCTGA (nucleotide change underlined) | ____ ____ ____ ____ | ___ ___ ___ ___ |
| Mutation = GCAAGTACTTGA (nucleotide change underlined) | ____ ____ ____ ____ | ___ ___ ___ ___ |
| Mutation = GAAGTACCTGA (first C deleted) | ____ ____ ____ ____ | ___ ___ ___ ___ |
| Mutation = GCAAGTACTGA (second C deleted) | ____ ____ ____ ____ | ___ ___ ___ ___ |
