Question

Complete Question Text:

1. A patient comes to a doctor complaining of muscle cramping.As part of her examination, the doctor notes that the patient has aslow pulse. Additionally, in the past year the patient has brokenher hand and her arm in seemingly minor falls. What variable do youpredict the patient is having trouble regulating?

Fat
K+
ATP
Ca2+

2. Allen's rule is a biological rule that states that the limbsof warm blooded animals that live in colder climates are differentthan the limbs of the same species of animals in warmer climates.In what way do you expect them to be different and why?

Shorter because a low surface area to volume ratio is best formaintaining heat
Longer because a high surface area to volume ratio is best formaintaining heat. ????
Longer because a low surface area to volume ratio is best formaintaining heat
Shorter because a high surface area to volume ratio is best formaintaining heat.

3. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme. It is made in an inactive form,pepsinogen, which is activated by the acidity of the stomach toself-cleave (cut itself) into a formed called the cleaved molecule.This cleaved molecule is active pepsin, which goes on to cleavemore pepsinogen molecules, leading to a cascade of rapid pepsinactivation (and many more active pepsin molecules). This pathway isan example of:

a feedforward regulation

a positive feedback loop

a negative feedback loop

conditioning

4. The human body's arterial blood pH is tightly maintainedaround 7.4 by buffering agents that bind hydrogen ions to stop anychange in pH. If an acid-base imbalance overcomes the buffersystem, the body changes the ventilation rate, or the rate at whichgas enters or leaves the lungs. Changing the ventilation ratechanges the concentration of CO2 in the blood, which alters the pHof the blood. In this case, the muscles that control theventilation rate are acting as the:

homeostatic challenge
sensor
effector
integrator

5. The human body's arterial blood pH is tightly maintainedaround 7.4 by buffering agents that bind hydrogen ions to stop anychange in pH. If an acid-base imbalance overcomes the buffersystem, the body changes the ventilation rate, or the rate at whichgas enters or leaves the lungs. Changing the ventilation ratechanges the concentration of CO2 in the blood, which alters the pHof the blood. In this case, pH 7.4 is the:

homeostatic challenge
sensor
effector
set point

6. What is the equivalent of the mammalian mouth and nose in therespiratory system of insects?

alveoli
spiracles
tracheoles
epithelial tissue

7. For cells to maintain an appropriate solute concentration,_____ will occur; for cells to maintain an appropriate waterconcentration, _____ will occur.

diffusion, osmosis
osmosis, diffusion
diffusion, facilitated diffusion
diffusion, active transport

8. A marine fish with a cold body temperature that matches itscold surroundings is an example of

negative feedback

regulating
conforming
homeostasis

9 Fiddler crabs are small crabs that inhabit intertidal areas.When the tide comes in, the salinity rises to 35ppt and when thetide leaves, the salinity falls to 5ppt. Fiddler crabs can maintaintheir internal salinity at 32ppt when the external environmentranges from 20-40ppt, but cannot regulate at levels higher or lowerthan this. The range of 20-40ppt is the ____________________ forthese animals.

zone of conforming
zone of stability
osmoregulator conforming capacity
positive feedback effector range

10. Imagine you are entering a darkened cavern. You are excited,but also a little nervous. Your heart rate quickens, your bloodpressure rises slightly, and your digestive system activitydecreases as blood is diverted to your muscles—all changes thatprepare you should you need to move rapidly. This type of change isan example of:

positive feedback control
negative feedback control
a failure of homeostasis
feedforward regulation