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15 Jan 2019

TRUE or FALSE.

______ There is a dedicated pool of ribosomes in the cytosol that make cytosolic proteins and a separate dedicated pool of ribosomes for secretory proteins.

______ All GPCRs share a similar structure composed of seven transmembrane helices.

______ Components of the endomembrane system include: the ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, endosomes, and the plasma membrane.

Which of the following statements about GPCRs is FALSE?

a) The G protein is inactivated when bound GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP.

b) GEF exchanges GDP for GTP activating the G protein when the signal binds to the

receptor.

c) A common effector protein activated by the G protein is adenylyl cyclase.

d) Activation of the G protein involves phosphorylation of the α subunit by MAP kinase.

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Related questions

1/ G-proteins are a commonly found in cell signaling pathways, which of the following events normally activates a GTP-binding protein?

(a) GTP hydrolysis by the protein

(b)Activation of an upstream GTPase-activating protein

(c)Exchange GDP for GTP by the activation of an upstream guanine nucleotide exchange factor(GEF)

(d)Pi release after GTP hydrolysis

2/ Which of the following inactivates a G-protein?

(a) The β subunit exchanges its bound GDP for GTP.

(b) The GDT bound to the α subunit is hydrolyzed and forms GDP

(c)The α subunit exchanges its bound GDP for GTP.

(d) Theβγ complex inactivates the G-protein

3/ Olfactory receptors where first hypothesized to be numerous receptor types that were able to recognize specific odorants. We now know that olfactory receptors are made up of ONE receptor family, which is one of the largest gene families know in the human genome. Which of the receptors below comprise the olfactory receptor family?

(a)RTK

(b) Delta-Notch

(c) GPCR-cAMP family

(d) Ion Channel Receptors

4/ Which of the following are possible responses a cell may have as a result of activation of a cell signaling pathway?

(a) Change in gene expression

(b) Alteration of activity of metabolic enzymes

(c) Reconfiguration of cytoskeleton

(d) All of these

5/ Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

(a) The cytoskeleton is made up of three types of protein filaments.

(b) The cytoskeleton controls the location of organelles in eukaryotic cells.

(c) Microtubules are polymers made up of monomeric subunits, but other two cytoskeletal filaments are not.

(d) The cytoskeleton of a cell can change in response to the environment.

33 Different glycoproteins can have a diverse array of oligosaccharides. Which of the statements below for making glycoproteins on plasma membrane is true?

(a) Extensive modification of oligosaccharides occurs in the extracellular space.

(b) Initial oligosaccharide chains are made by addition of one sugar at a time onto the protein in the ER lumen.

(c) Each layer of Golgi membrane structures contains identical modification enzymes for modifying sugar chain on proteins.

(d) ER lipids can be modified by sugar chain, which can be used for sugar chain modification of the proteins.

34 In a multicellular organism, when a signal needs to be sent to most cells the signal most suited for this is a ___________.

(a) neurotransmitter.

(b) hormone.

(c) dissolved gas.

(d) plasma membrane anchored ligands.

35 Typically, members of the steroid hormone receptor family __________________.

(a) are cell-surface receptors.

(b) do not undergo conformational changes by binding to their ligands.

(c) are found mainly in the nucleus when ligand is not available.

(d) interact with signal molecules that diffuse through the plasma membrane

36 Which of the following statements about what happens when a G-protein-coupled receptor activates a hetero trimeric G protein is true?

(a) The β subunit exchanges its bound GDP for GTP.

(b) The GDP bound to the α subunit is phosphorylated to form bound GTP.

(c) The α subunit exchanges its bound GDP for GTP.

(d) It activates the α subunit and inactivates the βγ complex

37 Which of the following statements about signal transduction is false

(a) Ca2+ concentration in cytosol will increase when PLC (Phospholipase C) is activated by signal.

(b) Cyclic GMP is made in smooth muscle cells when they received NO signal.

(c) SH2 domain containing proteins can be expected to interact activated RTK.

(d) Ligand binding to RTK activates its enzyme activity then the activated RTK phosphorylates tyrosine residues on itself.

Hello everyone, i'm working on thesepractices multiple choices for my finals. If you know any of theseanswer, please help. i appreciate your time and your help. Thankyou!!!

1. ___ Which of thefollowing statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

(a) The cytoskeletonis made up of three types of protein filament.

(b) The bacterialcytoskeleton is important for cell division and DNAsegregation.

(c) Protein monomersthat are held together with covalent bonds form cytoskeletalfilaments.

(d) The cytoskeleton of acell can change in response to the environment.

2. ___ Which of thestatements below about intermediate filaments is false?

(a) They can stayintact in cells treated with concentrated salt solutions.

(b) They can befound in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.

(c) They can beanchored to the plasma membrane at cell-cell junction.

(d) Each filament is about10 ?m in diameter.

3. ___ Keratins,neurofilaments, and vimentins are all categories of intermediatefilaments. Which of the following properties below is nottrue of these types of intermediate filaments?

(a) They strengthencells against mechanical stress.

(b) Dimers associateby noncovalent bonding to form a tetramer.

(c) They are foundin the cytoplasm.

(d) Phosphorylation causesdisassembly during every mitotic cycle.

4. ___ Which of thefollowing statements about microtubules is true?

(a) Motor proteinsmove in a directional fashion along microtubules by using theinherent structural polarity of a protofilament.

(b) The centromerenucleates the microtubules of the mitotic spindle.

(c) Becausemicrotubules are subject to dynamic instability, they are used onlyfor transient structures in a cell.

(d) ATP hydrolysis by atubulin heterodimer is important for controlling the growth of amicrotubule.

5. ___ Thehydrolysis of GTP to GDP carried out by tubulin molecules________________.

(a) provides theenergy needed for tubulin to polymerize

(b) occurs becausethe pool of free GDP has run out

(c) tips the balancein favor of microtubule assembly

(d) allows the behavior ofmicrotubules called dynamic instability

6. ___ The microtubulesin a cell form a structural framework that can have all thefollowing functions except which of the following?

(a) holding internalorganelles such as the Golgi apparatus in particular positions inthe cell

(b) creating longthin cytoplasmic extensions that protrude from one side of thecell

(c) strengtheningthe plasma membrane

(d) moving materials fromone place to another inside a cell

7. ___ Which of thefollowing statements about organellar movement in the cell isfalse?

(a) Organellesundergo saltatory movement in the cell.

(b) Only themicrotubule cytoskeleton is involved in organellar movement.

(c) Motor proteinsinvolved in organellar movement use ATP hydrolysis for energy.

(d) Organelles areattached to the tail domain of motor proteins.

8. ___ Which of thefollowing statements is correct?

Kinesins and dyneins____________________.

(a) have tails thatbind to the filaments

(b) move along bothmicrotubules and actin filaments

(c) often move inopposite directions to each other

(d) derive their energyfrom GTP hydrolysis

9. ___ Cell movementinvolves the coordination of many events in the cell. Which of thefollowing phenomena are not required for cell motility?

(a) Myosin-mediatedcontraction at the rear of the moving cell.

(b) Integrinassociation with the extracellular environment.

(c) Nucleation ofnew actin filaments.

(d) Release ofCa2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

10. ___Which of the followingstructures shorten during muscle contraction?

(a) myosinfilaments

(b) flagella

(c) sarcomeres

(d) actin filaments

7. ___ Referring to Figure Q16-29,which of the following statements below is false?

(a) A constitutivelyactive mutant form of PKA in skeletal muscle cells would lead to adecrease in the amount of unphosphorylated phosphorylasekinase.

(b) A constitutivelyactive mutant form of PKA in skeletal muscle cells would notincrease the affinity of adrenaline for the adrenergicreceptor.

(c) A constitutivelyactive mutant form of PKA in skeletal muscle cells would lead to anexcess in the amount of glucose available.

(d) A constitutivelyactive mutant form of PKA in skeletal muscle cells would lead to anexcess in the amount of glycogen available.

8. ___ Match the targetof the G protein with the appropriate signaling outcome.

adenylyl cyclase________ A. cleavageof inositol phospholipids

ion channels_________ B.increase in cAMP levels

phospholipase C_________ C. changes in membranepotential


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