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13 Dec 2019

Answer these questions concerning the Peptidoglycan Bacteria:

What type of molecule provides cross-link for the peptidoglycan polymer?

What is the function of peptidoglycan layer regarding the bacterial cell?

What would happen to the bacterial cell without the support of peptidoglycan?

How is the peptidoglycan differs between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?

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17 Dec 2019
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Related questions

26.The best microscopy technique for observing different subcellular structures on the surface of bacteria is

(A) SEM (B) TEM

(C) phase contrast microscopy (D) interference microscopy

(E) fluorescence microscopy

27.Which type of microscopy exploits differences in the refractive index of the specimen, where light is retarded by one-quarter of a wavelength when it passes through a bacterial cell?

(A) SEM (B) TEM

(C) phase contrast microscopy (D) bright-field microscopy

(E) fluorescence microscopy

28.Which type of microscopy should be used to examine bacterial cells that have been Gram stained?

(A) TEM (B) fluorescence microscopy

(C) phase contrast microscopy (D) interference microscopy

(E) bright-field microscopy

29.Which of the following is most abundant in a prokaryotic cell (in dry weight)?

(A) RNA (B) DNA

(C) Polysaccharide (D) Protein

(E) Lipid

30.Which of the following techniques uses the Svedberg unit (S)?

(A) electron microscopy (B) ultracentrifugation

(C) X-ray crystallography (D) genetic analysis

(E) sonication

31.Which of the following is NOT a function performed by the cell membrane or its components?

(A) production of proteins (B) detection of environmental signals

(C) transport of molecules into and out of the cell (D) separation of charge across the membrane

(E) B and D

32.Which of the following statement is true?

(A) Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are found in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria.

(B) Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are found in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria.

(C) Teichoic acids are found in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria.

(D) Teichoic acids are found in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria.

(E) Cholesterol is found in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria.

33.Which of the following is found in Archaeabut not in Bacteria?

(A) Hopanoids (B) Terpenoids

(C) Cholesterol (D) S-layer

(E) Peptidoglycan

34.The glycan chain of archaeal cell wall is made of __________ and __________, while the glycan chain of bacterial cell wall is made of __________ and __________.

(A) peptidoglycan and murein, pseudopeptidoglycan and murein

(B) N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid,

N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid

(C) N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid,

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

(D) N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid,

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid

(E) N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid,

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid

35.The sacculus of bacteria is composed primarily of

(A) phospholipids (B) peptidoglycans

(C) carbohydrates (D) amino acids

(E) nucleic acids

36.Lysozyme attacks the following linkage in the bacterial cell wall:

(A) β(1,4)-glycosidic bonds

(B) β(1,3)-glycosidic bonds

(C) Glycine peptide interbridges

(D) Peptide cross-links between glycan chains

(E) Peptide bonds between L-alanine and D-glutamic acid

Question 1

What is the last step of successfully preparing a bacterial smear for a simple stain?

Spread cells with inoculating loop

Label the slides

Heat fixation

Air dry the smear

Question 2

When looking at your smear under the microscope, all you see is darkness (despite shining light through your slide)- the best explanation is:

all your bacteria are dead

your smear was too thin

forgot to add the bacteria

your smear was too thick

Question 3

If a microbe can ferment lactose and its fermentation products include lactic acid and CO2, then the results for this assay should be:

the broth will appear yellow and there will be a gas bubble in the Durham tube

the broth will appear red and there will be no gas bubble in the Durham tube

the broth will appear yellow and there will be no gas bubble in the Durham tube

the broth will appear red and there will be a gas bubble in the Durham tube

True/Flase

Question 1

If the result for this carbohydrate test is negative, then the organism had NO growth in the tube.

Question 2

The biochemical basis of the Gram stain is the thickness of peptidoglycan layers surrounding cells. Therefore a Gram positive cell with a thin layer of peptidoglycan should stain as Gram negative.

Question 3

If the iodine is not applied during the Gram stain, then gram positive cells will likely stain pink

Question 4

A simple stain allows you to see the cell shape and arrangement.

Question 5

If there were no limit to magnification, a light microscope could enlarge microbes infinitely.

Question 6

When doing a bacteria smear from a broth medium you should first place one to two loopfuls of water on the center of the slide?

Every year, the viral strains included in vaccinations for the flu are slightly different, based on the prevalence of the strains present the previous year. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the vaccinations and the treatment of viral infections like the flu?

A.

When someone who is vaccinated encounters the virus they were vaccinated for, antigens are produced triggering destruction of the virus.
B.

Antibodies are built up in response to viral antigens, making those with vaccines more susceptible to viral infection.
C.

Viruses mutate quickly due to overuse of antibiotics.
D.

Vaccinations involve introducing an antigen of a virus into the immune system, which stimulates the production of antibodies.

Recall that HIV is a retrovirus. Based on that, which of the following would NOT be an effective drug target for treatment of HIV?

A.

Translation inhibitors
B.

Integrase inhibitors
C.

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

The type of horizontal gene transfer that specifically requires a virus to transfer DNA from donor to recipient is called:

A.

transformation.
B.

conjugation.
C.

transduction.
D.

binary fission.

Binary fission differs from mitosis in that

A.

binary fission occurs in prokaryotes, and mitosis happens in eukaryotes.
B.

binary fission does not have a step to duplicate the genetic information, and mitosis does.
C.

binary fission creates daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell, while mitosis introduces genetic variation.
D.

binary fission does not have a step to separate the parent cell into two daughter cells, and mitosis does.

Bacteria contain ______ in their cell walls, while Archaea contain _____ in their cell walls.

A.

chitin; peptidoglycan
B.

peptidoglycan; pseudopeptidoglycan
C.

pseudopeptidoglycan; peptidoglycan
D.

peptidoglycan; chitin
E.

cellulose; chitin

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