BIO120H1 Chapter 2: Lecture/ Chapter 2 Study Notes

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What da rwin saw: the evidence for evolution. Lessons from geology: the earth is very old, allows immense amount of time for biological evolution. 2: fossils in younger strata increasingly resemble modern species in same region, while older strata. Evidence from domestication: maize (sweet corn) and teosinte (ancestor) teosinte to sweet corn in matter of thousands of years, not that long a, early people crushed seeds and ate them, vast amounts of heritable variation found in species. 3: darwin didn"t exactly understand heritable variation this variation can be selected on, leading to dramatic changes over generations. Vestigial characters in humans: ear muscles- mammals move their eyes for sound, appendix- monkey uses it to break down leaves, tailbone-evolved from fish (humans have gills in the fetus, goosebumps-animals raise their fur when scared. Current evidence that darwin couldn"t know about is about our olfactory genes (sense of smell).

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1. Features in two different groups of organisms that are sharedbecause they were inherited from a common ancestor are examples of:(One word. Case does not matter, but you must spell it exactlycorrect.) ____________

2. A phylogeny is:

	A.	A diagram showing the relationship between groups oforganisms
	B.	A list of the evolutionary innovations possessed by a singlegroup of organisms
	C.	A diagram of all the known ancestors in the fossil record for asingle species living today
	D.	A unit of time used in geology

Homoplasy refers to:

	A.	The tendency of closely related organisms to interbreed witheach other
	B.	Features that ancestors had that were later lost by theirdescendants
	C.	Features in different groups of organisms that are not inheritedfrom a common ancestor
	D.	Features that appear only in a single group of organisms

Archaeopteryx lithographica and Tiktaalikroseae are examples of:

	A.	Fossils that show early forms of multicellular life in thePrecambrian
	B.	Transitional fossils that document the origin of evolutionaryinnovations
	C.	Index fossils that are used to identify the age of rocks
	D.	Living species that retain primitive characteristics

champagnemoose571

We have discussed in class that fossils show evidence for evolution. This is shown with stunning clarity when the fossil record is complete as with the horse. However, there are instances where the fossil record is not complete which means there are gaps. Someone comes to you and states that because there are gaps in the record for species "A" this shows that evolution is not true. How do you argue against this statement? In other words how do you argue in favor of evolution when gaps are present? Or do these gaps invalidate evolution? Restrict your discussion to the fossil record only.

Transitional fossils such as the âfishapodâ Tiktaalik and the âfeathered dinosaurâ Archaeopteryx are important discoveries for understanding the process of macroevolution because they show which of the following?

evidence of lines of descent from common ancestors

examples of analogous structures

the limited detail of structures preserved in fossils

how anatomical features are the first to change during the speciation process

BIO120H1 Chapter 2: Lecture/ Chapter 2 Study Notes

BIO120H1 Full Course Notes

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