LIFESCI 2N03 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Creatine Kinase, Lactate Threshold, Lactic Acid
17 Nov 2013
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Document Summary
Metabolism sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body: anabolic reactions synthesis of molecules, catabolic reactions breakdown of molecules, bioenergetics converting glucose, protein and lipids into energy. Organelles nucleus( closed compartment that contains dna ), mitochondrion (atp production), cellular membrane (cellular electricity (na+/k+, electrical potential), intracellular signaling) Enzymes catalysts that regulate speed of reactions; lower the activation energy. Temperature and ph affect enzyme ability must be regulated for optimal range: normal body temperature 37 c; body temperature during exercise (40 c); enzymes can denature at too high temperatures, optimal ph range for enzyme activity ~7. 5-8. Muscle cell atpase binds to atp and expends energy. Serca (sarco endoplasmic reticulum calcium atpase) return calcium after muscle contraction or keep muscle rested. Energy production from substrates depend on i) substrate availability ii) enzyme dynamics (ph, temperature, exercise) iii) nervous system demand (ns activated to activate muscle tissue) iv) metabolic backup (maximal usage of glucose; shift to different substrate)
