BIO130H1 Study Guide - Final Guide: Drug Resistance, Symporter, Osmotic Concentration

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17 Apr 2012
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BIO130H1 Full Course Notes
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The plasma membrane encloses cells and maintains the difference between cytosol and extracellular environment. Membrane-enclosed organelles maintain the characteristic differences between contents of organelles in the cytosol. The lipid bilayer provides basic structure for cell membranes and can be easily found. The lipid molecules spontaneously form a bilayer, they are fluid individual lipid molecules can diffuse rapidly within their own monolayer. All the lipid molecules in a cell membrane are amphiphillic meaning that they have hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends. Mostly phospholipids in membrane lipids, 1 polar head and 2 hydrophobic tails. Main phospholipids in animal cells are phosphoglycerides composed of 3 carbon glycerol backbone, linked via ester bonds. Another phospholipid sphyngomyelin composed of sphyngose(long acyl chain with one amino group and two hydroxyl groups, one free hydroxyl group forms the polar properties for the head) Lipid bilayers in many cells contain cholesterol and glycolipids.

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