Biology 2581B Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Stop Codon, Start Codon, Mutation

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3 Jun 2020

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Dna is located in the nucleus where it is copied into rna during transcription using the enzyme rna polymerase. It is them exported out into the cytoplasm where rna is translated into a protein: the transcribed rna is called the primary transcript, the primary transcript contains introns which are spliced out to produce mrna. Point mutation- a single base change: transitions change purine --> purine or pyrimidine --> pyrimidine, these are more common in nature, transversions change purine --> pyrimidine or pyrimidine --> purine. Insertions and deletions (indels: can be small (single bp, can be very larger (many kb) Includes a variable copy number of repeat sequences. If bases are inserted or deleted, it will cause the reading frame to shift. If 3 base pairs or a multiple of 3 bp are inserted or deleted, then the frame shift won"t be altered.

Related Questions

How can a cell remember which gene it needs to express (turn on)and which gene does from one generation to the next?

1.Methylation of cytosine bases

2.heritable chromatin structure

3.both of the above

4. none of the above

If you were to make 2 liters of a 2 molar solution of SodiumChloride (MW 58.4) How many grams of Sodium Chloride would youdissolve?

/1.58.4 /2.29.2 /3.116.8 /4.233.6

After transcription, nuclear RNA is capped, polyadenylated,spliced. After successful splicing, proteins are added to themature mRNA at the exon junction complex and then transported tothe cytoplasm. Which of the following is a NOT a reason why thesemodifications are added to

mRNA?

1.to identify the RNA molecule as mRNA

2.to stabilize mRNA molecule

3.to aid in transport from ribosome to cytoplasm throughpore

4.to signal to the cell that mRNA is ready for translation

A cell is being held in G1 phasedue to DNA damage caused by UV radiation. When the DNA is damaged,p53 is phorphorylated and precents entry into whatphase?

1.M phase 2. s-phase 3.G0 phase 4. none of the above

taupeclam801

Match the following:

1	Region which lies upstream of thetranslation start site contains the Shine Dalgarno sequence
2	Sequence added to the 3' end of thepre-mRNA which affects mRNA stability
3	Establishes the reading frame andspecifies the first amino acid of the protein chain
4	DNA sequence that the transcriptionapparatus recognizes and binds to initiate transcription
5	Expressed sequences of DNA that arenot removed during alternative splicing
6	Signals the end of translation andthe protein molecule
7	Group of three nucleotides that codefor an amino acid
8	Site begins the coding region of thegene and is located 25-30 nucleotides downstream of the TATAbox
9	Non-coding sequences of DNA thatintervene within coding regions of a gene
	10 Ribosome binding site ineukaryotes; functions in the initiation of translation and mRNAstability
11	A sequence which lies downstream ofthe coding region of the gene; determines the location of the 3'cleavage site in the pre-mRNA molecule
12	Sequence of nucleotides at the 3' endof the mRNA that is not translated into protein; affects thetranslation and stability of the mRNA molecule

A.	5' untranslated region
B.	AAUAAA consensus sequence
C.	Promoter
D.	Transcription start site
E.	3' untranslated region
F.	Introns
G.	Initiation codon (AUG)
H.	Poly(A) tail
I.	5' cap
J.	Termination codon (UAA, UGA, UAG)
K.	Exons
L.	Sense codon

ivorymacaw91

Fill in the blank. Elongation during translation does NOT involve ____________.

Question 16 options:

	the translation of codons according to the genetic code
	the formation of bonds catalyzed by the ribosome
	complementary base pairing between RNA molecules
	amino acids being linked together in a polypeptide
	reading the DNA template 3' to 5'

For a given gene, what establishes the reading frame for translation?

Question 17 options:

	the location of the enhancer relative to the gene
	the first three nucleotides at the 5' end of the mRNA
	the first three nucleotides at the 3' end of the mRNA
	the start codon in the mRNA
	the location of the promoter relative to the gene

Which of the following is the LEAST likely direct consequence of a substitution mutation?

Question 18 options:

	changing the length of a protein coded for by a gene
	changing one amino acid in a protein
	creating a stop codon
	eliminating a start codon
	changing the length of the DNA molecule containing a gene

Suppose that the pre-mRNA transcript from a eukaryotic gene is 30,000 nucleotides long, and the gene codes for a sequence of 300 amino acids. What is the best explanation for the relationship between these numbers?

Question 19 options:

	only the first 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated
	it takes 100 nucleotides to specify a single amino acid
	300 of the nucleotides in the transcript are important, and the rest are "junk"
	only the last 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated
	large portions of pre-mRNA transcripts are cut out during RNA processing

Suppose an individual is born into a population with a novel mutation. Is the new mutation an evolutionary change, and why?

Question 20 options:

	no, because it is not a big enough change to count
	yes, because new mutations are always adaptive
	yes, because the appearance of a new genetic variant is a genetic change in a population
	no, because not enough individuals have the mutation for it to matter
	no, because most mutations are not adaptive

Biology 2581B Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Stop Codon, Start Codon, Mutation

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