IMM250H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Antigen-Presenting Cell, Adaptive Immune System, Lectin Pathway

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27 Oct 2018

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3. 1 cellular mediators of innate immunity: phagocytes and degranulating cells. Tissue-resident macrophages: from macrophage progenitor (embryonic) - self renewing. Kup er cells (liver), microglial cells (cns), alveolar macrophages (lungs: di erentiate from blood monocytes. Tissue-resident macrophages form immune response: eat + kill pathogens, remove aging, dying, dead cells, present antigens, cytokines - tnf, il-1, il-6, chemokines, phagocytic receptors that trigger phagocytosis. Bind to ligands - prrs (eg. lectin - mannose receptor, dectin-1) Opsonin receptors - interact with tissue, not prrs (eg. fc receptor binds to antibodies) Complement receptors - fragments of protein c3. In ammatory phagocytes - same innate receptors as resident macrophages: more powerful. Can act as antigen presenting cells to t-cells > adaptive immunity. Conventional dendritic cells: in mucosal and cutaneous tissues, prr and phagocytic receptor uptake of pathogens, monitor major routes of pathogen entry, travel via lymphatics.

Related Questions

1. Macrophages express multiple types of receptors on their surface that stimulate phagocytosis of microbes, leading to pathogen internalization and destruction. Many of these receptors, such as Dectin-1, rely on direct recognition of a PAMP on the pathogen surface. However, some receptors that stimulate phagocytosis rely on soluble factors (not associated with the phagocyte membrane) to identify and mark the pathogen for uptake by the phagocyte. One such receptor is:

		a) The class A scavenger receptor
		b) The complement receptor
		c) The mannose receptor
		d) The macrophage C-type lectin receptor
		e) The lipid receptor

2. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways lead to the activation of NFkB and of IRF family transcription factors. Each pathway has multiple steps, beginning with adapter proteins in various combinations. This process will induce inflammatory cytokine gene expression rapidly. The following are such adapter proteins EXCEPT:

a) MyD88

b) MAL

c) TRIF

d) NFkB

e)TRAM

3. Many of the inflammatory mediators produced by tissue macrophages at sites of infection act on the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel walls. An exception to this is (are) the:

		a) Cytokines that induce increased vascular permeability
		b) TNF produced by tissue-resident sensor cells
		c) Bradykinin produced that causes pain
		d) Chemokines that induce directed migration of blood monocytes
		e) Cytokines that induce increased expression of adhesion molecules

apricotfish623

31. The end result of the MAC is:

special sauce.

formation of transmembrane channels

anaphylatoxin release

alternative complement pathway activation

lectin pathway activation

32. Which cells are lymphocytes? choose the best answer

Dendritic cells

Macrophages

Neutrophils

Basophils

None of the above

33. Translocation of the transcription factor NFkB to the macrophage nucleus initiates transcription of the following pro-inflammatory cytokines:

IL-1, IL-6 and TNFâ

IL-1, IL-6 and IFN â

IL-1, IL-4 and TNF â

IL-1, IL-4 and IFN â

All of the above

34. Which cell is designed for killing short lived have two types of granules (primary and secondary), and after the are done phagocytosising and killing they die because they canât replenish their granules

Macrophages

Basophils

Eosinophils

B-cells

None of the above

35. Macrophages use receptors likeâââ

mannose receptor

scavenger receptor

toll like receptors

A & B

A, B & C

36. Fixed immune defenses include:

physical barriers

innate immunity

adaptive immunity

A & B

A, B & C

37. The Thymus is considered a primary lymphoid tissue.

True

False

IMM250H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Antigen-Presenting Cell, Adaptive Immune System, Lectin Pathway

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