Management and Organizational Studies 2181A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Tacit Knowledge, Explicit Knowledge, Reinforcement

• School: Western University
• Department: Management and Organizational Studies
• Course: Management and Organizational Studies 2181A/B
• Professor: Barry Hawn

Document Summary

Differences between experts and novices is a function of learning. We can tell when people have learned something by observing their behaviour change. Explicit knowledge: knowledge that is easily communicated and available to everyone. Tacit knowledge: knowledge that employees can only learn through experience. We learn by observing the link between our voluntary behaviour and the consequences that follow it (b. f. skinner) Contingencies of reinforcement: 4 consequences/contingencies used to modify employee behaviour. Positive outcome follows a desired behaviour i. e. increased pay, praise, public recognition for exhibiting desired behaviour. Unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behaviour (cid:28668). (cid:28664). (cid:28595)(cid:28666)(cid:28664)(cid:28679)(cid:28679)(cid:28668)(cid:28673)(cid:28666)(cid:28595)(cid:28679)(cid:28674)(cid:28595)(cid:28682)(cid:28674)(cid:28677)(cid:28670)(cid:28595)(cid:28674)(cid:28673)(cid:28595)(cid:28679)(cid:28668)(cid:28672)(cid:28664)(cid:28595)(cid:28678)(cid:28674)(cid:28595)(cid:28682)(cid:28674)(cid:28673)"(cid:28679)(cid:28595)(cid:28666)(cid:28664)(cid:28679)(cid:28595)(cid:28684)(cid:28664)(cid:28671)(cid:28671)(cid:28664)(cid:28663)(cid:28595)(cid:28660)(cid:28679) Punishment: unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behaviour i. e. suspending an employee for showing up late. Extinction: removal of a positive outcome following unwanted behaviour i. e. removing attention when act in childish ways. Positive reinforcement and extinction are recommended to be used most often by managers. Schedules of reinforcement: the timing of when the contingencies are applied or removed.