HLTB21H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Germ Theory Of Disease, Cholera Toxin, Serotype

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31 Oct 2010

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Steadfastly refused to believe in the germ thoery. Drunk a vial of bacteria contaminated water. Believed the germ theory" announced by pasteur (1862) Diseases spread from person to person by an infectious agent. History of cholera is described as the history of pandemics. 1) 1816-1821: originated in india (river gangs) and was spread by mainly by british troops, headquaters in bengal. 2) 1829-1851: more widespread, reaching europe, canada, and the us. 1832-3: 60,000 deaths in england - disease known as king cholera". 3) 1852-1859: scienti c advances in understanding cholera. 5) 1881-1896: hygienic measures stopped its spread to n america. 6) 1899-1923: for teh most part missed the western hemisphere. 1992: aboard a ight from s america to the us. 1994: zaire, killed 50,000 rwandan refugees in 21 days. Koch dispatched to egypt to isolate the microbe. Able to see the bacteria in feces of 12 patients. Vibrio cholerae (due to its vibrating wiggles)

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In October 2010, a cholera epidemic was reported in the Artibonite Department (Haitian departments are analogous to states). This was the first cholera epidemic in Haiti in over a century. Within 10 weeks, cholera had spread to all Haitian departments. By the end of the epidemic, more than 470,000 cases had been reported, and more than 6500 people were dead.

Both during and after the epidemic, epidemiologists, doctors, and scientists were working to determine the source of the outbreak and its transmission patterns, identify the causative strains, and care for the infected.

1. Given that cholera had never been officially reported in Haiti, what are some possible sources of the pathogen? List and briefly describe at least two possible sources.

2. Imagine you are an epidemiologist sent to investigate the cholera outbreak in Haiti. List four types of data that you would want to collect and briefly describe how the data are useful.

3. Formulate a hypothesis about how the cholera epidemic could have been initiated in Haiti.

4. What evidence would you look for to support this hypothesis? How would you test this hypothesis?

5. In August 2016, the United Nations discussed the origins of the 2010 cholera outbreak in Haiti. What was ultimately determined to have been the likely cause of the initial outbreak in 2010?

6. Propose three epidemic control measures for cholera in Haiti.

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HLTB21H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Germ Theory Of Disease, Cholera Toxin, Serotype

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